ArticleBMC public health2021
Race/ethnicity differences in risk and protective factors for marijuana use among U.S. adolescents.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Family functioning and adolescent risk perception of opioid misuse: A cross-sectional study.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2026Article
- Latent classes of substance use precursors predict positive alcohol and cannabis expectancies one year later in Black and Latino early adolescents in the ABCD study.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Social Media Engagement, Youth E-Cigarette Use, and the Moderating Potential of Harm Perceptions.Tobacco use insights · 2026Article
- Patterns of Cannabis Use and Perceived Accessibility Among Underage U.S. Young Adults: Implications for Policy and Prevention.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Marijuana use among adolescent Asian Americans and Pacific islanders: Analysis of ethnic subgroup and gender differences.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Trends in Marijuana Use among Adolescents in the United States.Pediatric reports · 2024Article
- Afrocentric Norms and Substance Use Behaviors Among Black Young Adults.Social work in public health · 2024Article
- Investigating Cannabis-Use Among Students Attending High Schools Within the Cherokee Nation Reservation 2017 and 2019.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- Lifetime use of alcohol and cannabis among U.S. adolescents across age: Exploring differential patterns by sex and race/ethnicity using the 2019 NSDUH data.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Early substance use and the school environment: A multilevel latent class analysis.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2024Article
- Substance use trajectories among emerging adult Black men: Risk factors and consequences.Drug and alcohol review · 2023Article
- Correlates of adolescent sole-, dual- and poly-use of cannabis, vaped nicotine, and combusted tobacco.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Vaping Cannabidiol Among US Adolescents.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Reciprocal links between marijuana use and school adjustment in Black and White rural adolescents.Child development · 2022Article
- A Longitudinal Study of Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Young Adulthood: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Effects of Peer and Parental Influences From Middle Adolescence.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2022Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and past 30-day cannabis use among middle and high school students: The protective influence of families and schools.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- 35-Year-Old Parents Do Not Approve of 17-Year-Olds' Cigarette, Marijuana, or Alcohol Use: U.S. National Data 1993-2018.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2022Article
- Characteristics and reasons for use associated with solitary alcohol and marijuana use among U.S. 12th Grade Students, 2015-2021.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- The Intersection between Sex and Race in Understanding Substance Co-Use Patterns in Adolescents from the Fragile Families Study.Journal of drug issues · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about how race and ethnicity influence marijuana-specific risk and protective factors in U.S. adolescents. We examined differences in risk and protective factors of marijuana use (MU) and their associations with MU by race/ethnicity.
methodsThe present study used data from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. A total of 68,263 adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) were divided into seven subgroups by race/ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Black, Asian, Native American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI), and mixed race). Marijuana-specific risk and protective factors (RPFs) were examined, including perceived availability of marijuana, adolescents' perceived risk of MU and perceived disapproval of parents, peers, and close friends. Past-month, past-year, and lifetime MU were used as MU outcomes to examine the associations with RPFs as well as with race/ethnicity.
resultsOverall, 6.85, 12.67, and 15.52% of the sample reported past-month, past-year, and lifetime MU respectively. Weighted adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that mixed race adolescents reported the greatest perceived availability of marijuana, whereas Black and Asian adolescents had less access compared to White adolescents. The adolescents' perception of parental disapproval of MU was the lowest for Native American adolescents and highest for Asian adolescents. Mixed race adolescents experienced lower peer and close friend disapproval of MU while Black and Asian adolescents had higher. The MU risk perception was lower in most groups including Black, Hispanic, Native American, and mixed race adolescents, but not in Asian adolescents. Native American adolescents scored the highest on all MU outcomes, whereas Asian adolescents scored the lowest. Perceived availability of marijuana was associated with higher MU in all MU outcomes. Lower disapproval MU perceptions and lower MU risk perceptions were also associated with greater MU.
conclusionThese findings suggest there is considerable heterogeneity of marijuana risk and protective factors and MU across race/ethnicity among U.S. adolescents.
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