Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34193083›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2021

The negative impact of chronic tobacco smoking on adult neuropsychological function: a cross-sectional study.

Mohammed Sh Nadar, Abdullah M Hasan, Mohammed Alsaleh

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. Review
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  9. Memory under siege: the cognitive costs of smoking and vaping.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025
    Review
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  11. Review
  12. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Mohammed Sh NadarOccupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Jabriah, Kuwait. ot_nadar@hsc.edu.kw.ORCID 0000-0003-4281-5630
Abdullah M HasanSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Mohammed AlsalehSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe evidence on the effects of chronic tobacco smoking on neuropsychological functions is conflicting. The literature remains limited by inconsistent accounting for potentially confounding biomedical and psychiatric conditions. This study aimed to assess the neuropsychological functions of adult chronic tobacco smokers in comparison to group-matched non-smokers.

methodThe study included 73 smokers and 84 group-matched non-smokers. The data was collected during the year 2019. After an initial interview to collect demographics and smoking profile, the subjects undertook neuropsychological assessments that targeted a wide range of cognitive domains.

resultsThe performance of smokers was poorer on almost all neuropsychological domains, namely selective attention (p ≤ .001, p = .044), alternating attention (p = .002) working memory (p ≤ .001), Short-term memory (p = .006 and .003), Long-term memory (p ≤ .001), processing accuracy (p ≤ .001), and executive function (p = .011 and .026). Smokers were intact on processing speed. Smoking accumulation and lower age onset of regular smoking were correlated with lower neuropsychological function.

conclusionOur findings add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that chronic tobacco smoking impacts cognition negatively.

Indexed as

SmokingTobacco SmokingAdultCognitionCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMemory, Short-TermNeuropsychological TestsChronic smokingCognitive impairmentNicotineWorking memory

Identifiers

PMID34193083
PMCPMC8247072

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.