Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34192518›Full record

ArticleCell host & microbe2021

Ultrapotent miniproteins targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain protect against infection and disease.

James Brett Case, Rita E Chen, Longxing Cao, Baoling Ying, Emma S Winkler, Max Johnson, Inna Goreshnik, Minh N Pham, Swathi Shrihari, Natasha M Kafai and 8 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell host & microbe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Scalable Production of aPharmaceutics · 2026
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  5. Review
  6. Computational design of an ultrapotent deltacoronavirus miniprotein inhibitor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Miniprotein inhibitors of thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Structure-guided engineering of a mutation-tolerant inhibitor peptide against variable SARS-CoV-2 spikes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

James Brett CaseDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Rita E ChenDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Longxing CaoDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Baoling YingDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Emma S WinklerDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Max JohnsonDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Inna GoreshnikDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Minh N PhamDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Swathi ShrihariDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Natasha M KafaiDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Adam L BaileyDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Xuping XieDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Pei-Yong ShiDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Rashmi RavichandranDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Lauren CarterDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Lance StewartDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
David BakerDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Michael S DiamondDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: diamond@wusm.wustl.edu.
Washington University in St. Louis · USUniversity of Washington · USThe University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

UTMB Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001439 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI URBAN, RANDALL J · 2015 to 2024
$40.0M
TRAINING PROGRAM IN IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOGENETICST32AI007163 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Kenneth M Murphy, Kodi S Ravichandran · 1985 to 2026
$14.8M
Infectious Diseases/Basic Microbial Pathogenic MechanismsT32AI007172 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Daniel E. Goldberg, JENNIFER A PHILIPS · 1985 to 2026
$13.0M
Human antibody-based countermeasures against the Wuhan Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2R01AI157155 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BARIC, RALPH S, CROWE, JAMES E · 2020 to 2024
$6.0M
Regulation of Ebola virus replication by the host ubiquitin systemR01AI134907 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI GIRALDO, MARIA ISABEL · 2018 to 2022
$3.1M
Regulation of Antiviral Responses in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Chikungunya Virus by the Gut MicrobiotaF30AI152327 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI WINKLER, EMMA SUENING · 2021 to 2022
$84k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001439NIAID NIH HHS F30 AI152327NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI134907NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI157155NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007163NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007172
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the introduction of public health measures and spike protein-based vaccines to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths continue to have a global impact. Previously, we used a structural design approach to develop picomolar range miniproteins targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain. Here, we investigated the capacity of modified versions of one lead miniprotein, LCB1, to protect against SARS-CoV-2-mediated lung disease in mice. Systemic administration of LCB1-Fc reduced viral burden, diminished immune cell infiltration and inflammation, and completely prevented lung disease and pathology. A single intranasal dose of LCB1v1.3 reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung when given as many as 5 days before or 2 days after virus inoculation. Importantly, LCB1v1.3 protected in vivo against a historical strain (WA1/2020), an emerging B.1.1.7 strain, and a strain encoding key E484K and N501Y spike protein substitutions. These data support development of LCB1v1.3 for prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Indexed as

Protein BindingAdministration, IntranasalAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2AnimalsCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHumansLungMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Serine C-PalmitoyltransferaseACE2 protein, humanAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2COVID-19 VaccinesSerine C-PalmitoyltransferaseSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2Sptlc1 protein, mouseCOVID-19intranasalmiceminiproteinpathogenesisprophylaxisreceptor-binding domainSARS-CoV-2therapyvariants

Identifiers

PMID34192518
PMCPMC8221914
OpenAlexW3175008862

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.