ArticleCell host & microbe2021
Vaccinia virus E3 prevents sensing of Z-RNA to block ZBP1-dependent necroptosis.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive analysis of regulated cell death pathways: intrinsic disorder, protein-protein interactions, and cross-pathway communication.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Pooled it
- Biological consequences of Z-nucleic acid sensing by ZBP1 and ADAR1.RNA biology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, regulation and clinical relevance of necroptosis.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Z-Nucleic Acid-Binding Protein (ZBP)1 (DAI/DLM1) Regulation in Antiviral Cell Death Pathways.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Human ZBP1 is a potent inducer of cell death through mechanisms divergent from mouse ZBP1.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- DAMPs, PAMPs, and Alarmins: From Mechanism to Therapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Exploration of the protein and pharmacological landscape of monkeypox virus treatment: from entry point to end point.Molecular diversity · 2026Review
- Divergence in poxvirus-encoded E3-like proteins can dictate poxvirus activation of cellular necroptosis.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Z-nucleic acid-mediated PANoptosis in infection, inflammation, and cancer.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Structural basis of B-to-Z DNA transition mediated by an anti-Z-DNA antibody.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Vaccinia virus for lung cancer therapy: preclinical progress and prospects as a systemic immunotherapy platform.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein 3D induces necroptosis through interaction with RIPK3 in PK-15 and BHK-21 cells.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- ZBP1 as a dynamic monitor of viral replication: implications for therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Mammalian innate antiviral defenses: beyond interferon.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Article
- ROS-Mediated Necroptosis Promotes Coxsackievirus B3 Replication and Myocardial Injury.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- The evolutionary entanglement of flipons with zinc fingers and retroelements has engendered a large family of Z-DNA and G-quadruplex binding proteins.Open biology · 2025Article
- Poxvirus Host-Range Determinants: SAMD9/9L and Beyond.Annual review of virology · 2025Review
- O-GlcNAc transferase plays dual antiviral roles by integrating innate immunity and lipid metabolism.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Activation of intestinal endogenous retroviruses by alcohol exacerbates liver disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Necroptosis mediated by Z-nucleic-acid-binding protein (ZBP)1 (also called DAI or DLM1) contributes to innate host defense against viruses by triggering cell death to eliminate infected cells. During infection, vaccinia virus (VACV) protein E3 prevents death signaling by competing for Z-form RNA through an N-terminal Zα domain. In the absence of this E3 domain, Z-form RNA accumulates during the early phase of VACV infection, triggering ZBP1 to recruit receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3 and execute necroptosis. The C-terminal E3 double-strand RNA-binding domain must be retained to observe accumulation of Z-form RNA and induction of necroptosis. Substitutions of Zα from either ZBP1 or the RNA-editing enzyme double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (ADAR)1 yields fully functional E3 capable of suppressing virus-induced necroptosis. Overall, our evidence reveals the importance of Z-form RNA generated during VACV infection as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) unleashing ZBP1/RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis unless suppressed by viral E3.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.