ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology2021
Heterogeneity within molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Review in American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Modulating Inflammation and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of In Vitro, Animal, and Human Studies.Current oncology reports · 2026Pooled it
- BCL11B predetermines a persister state in breast cancer that is reversed by TNFα.Science advances · 2026Article
- Identification and functional validation of lipid droplet-associated prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer via integrative multi-omics and machine learning approaches.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Identifying breast cancer subtypes and exploring spatial expression patterns of the key subtype-specific gene based on pathological images, single-cell sequencing, and spatial transcriptomic data.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Circulating MicroRNAs Reflect Body Composition Features in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Engineering smart polymeric lipid nanoparticles for breast cancer: AI-guided formulation design, biological barriers, and translational constraints.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Vasculogenic mimicry and breast cancer prognosis: Insights into predictive model development.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of multimodal ultrasonography for molecular subtyping of breast cancer: a retrospective study.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Breast cancer incidence and survival by subtype, stage at diagnosis and socioeconomic deprivation among young women in the Community of Madrid, Spain.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Emerging roles for SNRPB2 in governing the cell cycle and steering tumor immune modulation in breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- A Five-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study of Neoadjuvant Therapy Response and Survival in Romanian Women with Breast Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- FGFR4 and HER2 co-expression is associated with the proinflammatory tumor microenvironment in HR + breast cancer.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Exploring a specialized lactylation pattern to predict the prognosis and sensitivity of immunotherapy in breast cancer via machine learning.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Association of Post-Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy MRI andDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Robust analysis of the tumor spectrum in a preclinical model of breast cancer reveals stable subtypes with distinct growth patterns.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Development of predictive models for the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer using multiple transcriptomic analyses.PloS one · 2026Article
- Node properties of biomarkers within the protein-protein interaction network derived from breast cancer-associated genes.PloS one · 2026Article
- A Novel CAF-Related Signature for Precise Prediction of Clinical Outcomes and Immunotherapy Response for Breast Cancer Patients: Based on Multiomics Analyses and Experimental Validation.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Genomic and epigenomic diversity of breast cancer across Western and MENA populations: implications for precision oncology.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- AI-driven multi-omics biomarkers in precision breast cancer therapeutics: from discovery to clinical translation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer is the quintessential example of how molecular characterization of tumor biology guides therapeutic decisions. From the discovery of the estrogen receptor to current clinical molecular profiles to evolving single-cell analytics, the characterization and compartmentalization of breast cancer into divergent subtypes is clear. However, competing with this divergent model of breast cancer is the recognition of intratumoral heterogeneity, which acknowledges the possibility that multiple different subtypes exist within a single tumor. Intratumoral heterogeneity is driven by both intrinsic effects of the tumor cells themselves as well as extrinsic effects from the surrounding microenvironment. There is emerging evidence that these intratumoral molecular subtypes are not static; rather, plasticity between divergent subtypes is possible. Interconversion between seemingly different subtypes within a tumor drives tumor progression, metastases, and treatment resistance. Therapeutic strategies must, therefore, contend with changing phenotypes in an individual patient's tumor. Identifying targetable drivers of molecular heterogeneity may improve treatment durability and disease progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.