Observational studyInternational urology and nephrology2021
Diagnosis of advanced prostate cancer at the community level in Rwanda.
Observational study in International urology and nephrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Correlating Histological Results and Total Serum Levels of the Prostate-Specific Antigen Among Patients in Southwestern Uganda.Prostate cancer · 2026Article
- Knowledge about prostate cancer and screening among men attending Kibogora Level Two Teaching Hospital.Canadian oncology nursing journal = Revue canadienne de nursing oncologique · 2026Article
- Prostate Cancer Among Patients Presenting with Obstructive Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms at a Tertiary Hospital in South Western Uganda.Research and reports in urology · 2025Article
- Defining the relationship between clinician-rated ECOG performance status and patient-reported health-related quality of life scores in men with metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2024Article
- Assessment of the Surgical Oncology Case Volume Within the Public Sector in Tanzania.JCO global oncology · 2024Article
- Mapping Evidence on the Burden of Breast, Cervical, and Prostate Cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Treatment Outcomes and Its Associated Factors Among Adult Patients with Selected Solid Malignancies at Kenyatta National Hospital: A Hospital-Based Prospective Cohort Study.Cancer management and research · 2022Article
- Prostate Cancer and Challenges in Management in a Semi-urban Centre: A 10-year Experience.Journal of the West African College of SurgeonsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProstate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and sixth leading cause of mortality. If not recognized early, patients with advanced prostate cancer can experience debilitating complications which can otherwise be prevented by early androgen deprivation therapy. This research intends to define clear diagnostic tools that will guide practitioners in the rural community setting toward early management of advanced prostate cancer.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional observational study at three referral hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda on patients who presented with clinical suspicion of advanced prostate cancer over a period of 6 months. All patients underwent prostate biopsy as well as metastatic work up (CT or MRI), for those who were eligible. Statistical analysis was done using STATA 14.2.
results114 patients were included in the study. The median age was 70 years (interquartile range: 65-79 years). In total 14 (12.3%) patients were found to have benign disease, while 100 (87.7%) patients were found to have cancer. Among those who had cancer, 85 (85%) had advanced prostate cancer. 110/114 (96.5%) were symptomatic at presentation. Common presenting symptoms were lower urinary tract symptoms (80.7%), back pain (54.4%), and urinary retention (36.8%). Abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) was a strong risk factor for both cancer and advanced disease. Prostate cancer was found in 92.2% of those with abnormal DRE compared to 41.7% in those with normal DRE (p = 0.001). Also, cancer was found in 96.1% of those with multinodular prostate on DRE (p = 0.02) and had high odds (OR 14.6; CI 3.41-62.25) of having advanced prostate cancer (p < 0.001). The mean (± SD) PSA was 643.3 ± 1829.8 ng/ml and the median (range) was 100 ng/ml (9.05-10,000 ng/ml) for the whole study population. All patients with prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) of 100 ng/ml or above had advanced prostate cancer.
conclusionThe results show that there is a significant correlation between clinical findings and advanced prostate cancer. All patients with abnormal DRE and PSA above 100 ng/ml had advanced prostate cancer. Diagnosis of advanced prostate cancer is possible at the community level if PSA testing is utilized and practitioners are well trained.
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