Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34190430›Full record

ArticleBrain and behavior2021

Comparison between four published definitions of hyposmia in Parkinson's disease.

Sofia Kanavou, Vanessa Pitz, Michael A Lawton, Naveed Malek, Katherine A Grosset, Huw R Morris, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Donald G Grosset

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Sofia KanavouPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8650-6667
Vanessa PitzInstitute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Michael A LawtonPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Naveed MalekDepartment of Neurology, Queen's Hospital, Romford, Essex, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1138-4153
Katherine A GrossetInstitute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Huw R MorrisDepartment of Clinical and Movement neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
Yoav Ben-ShlomoPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Donald G GrossetInstitute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
University of Bristol · GBQueen Elizabeth University Hospital · GBQueen Mary University of London · GBQueen's Hospital · GBUniversity of Glasgow · GB

Funding

Parkinson's UK J-1101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesHyposmia is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet there is no standard method to define it. A comparison of four published methods was performed to explore and highlight differences. MATERIALS AND

methodsOlfactory testing was performed in 2097 cases of early PD in two prospective studies. Olfaction was assessed using various cut-offs, usually corrected by age and/or gender. Control data were simulated based on the age and gender structure of the PD cases and published normal ranges. Association with age, gender, and disease duration was explored by method and study cohort. Prevalence of hyposmia was compared with the age and gender-matched simulated controls. Between method agreement was measured using Cohen's kappa and Gwet's AC1.

resultsHyposmia was present in between 69.1% and 97.9% of cases in Tracking Parkinson's cases, and between 62.2% and 90.8% of cases in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative, depending on the method. Between-method agreement varied (kappa 0.09-0.80, AC1 0.55-0.86). The absolute difference between PD cases and simulated controls was similar for men and women across methods. Age and male gender were positively associated with hyposmia (p < .001, all methods). Odds of having hyposmia increased with advancing age (OR:1.06, 95% CI:1.03, 1.10, p < .001). Longer disease duration had a negative impact on overall olfactory performance.

conclusionsDifferent definitions of hyposmia give different results using the same dataset. A standardized definition of hyposmia in PD is required, adjusting for age and gender, to account for the background decline in olfactory performance with ageing, especially in men.

Indexed as

Olfaction DisordersParkinson DiseaseAnosmiaFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesSmellcut-offdiagnosishyposmiaolfactory impairmentParkinson's disease

Identifiers

PMID34190430
PMCPMC8413742
OpenAlexW3169590670

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.