Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34189371›Full record

ArticleNetwork neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)2021

Dynamic expression of brain functional systems disclosed by fine-scale analysis of edge time series.

Olaf Sporns, Joshua Faskowitz, Andreia Sofia Teixeira, Sarah A Cutts, Richard F Betzel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Shared spatial and temporal principles govern connectome dynamics across timescales.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Olaf SpornsDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-4036
Joshua FaskowitzDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Andreia Sofia TeixeiraNetwork Science Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Sarah A CuttsDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Richard F BetzelDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Functional connectivity (FC) describes the statistical dependence between neuronal populations or brain regions in resting-state fMRI studies and is commonly estimated as the Pearson correlation of time courses. Clustering or community detection reveals densely coupled sets of regions constituting resting-state networks or functional systems. These systems manifest most clearly when FC is sampled over longer epochs but appear to fluctuate on shorter timescales. Here, we propose a new approach to reveal temporal fluctuations in neuronal time series. Unwrapping FC signal correlations yields pairwise co-fluctuation time series, one for each node pair or edge, and allows tracking of fine-scale dynamics across the network. Co-fluctuations partition the network, at each time step, into exactly two communities. Sampled over time, the overlay of these bipartitions, a binary decomposition of the original time series, very closely approximates functional connectivity. Bipartitions exhibit characteristic spatiotemporal patterns that are reproducible across participants and imaging runs, capture individual differences, and disclose fine-scale temporal expression of functional systems. Our findings document that functional systems appear transiently and intermittently, and that FC results from the overlay of many variable instances of system expression. Potential applications of this decomposition of functional connectivity into a set of binary patterns are discussed.

Indexed as

ConnectomeFunctional MRIGraph theoryNetwork dynamicsResting state

Identifiers

PMID34189371
PMCPMC8233118

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.