ArticleHeliyon2021
Meso-microporous activated carbon derived from Raffia palm shells: optimization of synthesis conditions using response surface methodology.
Article in Heliyon, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sustainable pretreatment and adsorption of chemical oxygen demand from car wash wastewater using Noug sawdust activated carbon.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mesoporous activated carbon from Tabebuia aurea leaves for effective adsorptive removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Development of two smart acoustic yam quality detection devices using a machine learning approach.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2026-03-03Concerns/Issues about Image · Duplication of/in Image · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Objections by Author(s) · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated the optimal synthesis conditions for the production of Raffia Palm Shell Activated Carbon (RPSAC) using phosphoric acid as activation agent. The optimization of the synthesis conditions was achieved using the Central Composite Design (CDD) in Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The influences of impregnation ratio, temperature, time and concentration on the specific surface area and yield of RPSAC were evaluated. Based on the CDD, 2FI and quadratic models were developed for the two responses. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was utilized to determine the significant factors and factor interactions for each response. All process variables except impregnation ratio were observed to significantly influence the quality of RPSAC. The optimal synthesis conditions for RPSAC were; 523.68 °C, 76.91%, and 103.83 min for temperature, concentration, and time respectively which provided a specific surface area and yield of 1762.92 m
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.