ArticleHeliyon2021
Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh.
Article in Heliyon, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 effect on food security, livelihood, and mental health in affected households of Jashore, Bangladesh.Dialogues in health · 2025Article
- Systems thinking on the gendered impacts of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A systematic review.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of COVID-19 among Bangladeshi medical students during the first wave of the pandemic: a mixed-methods study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- COVID-19 fear and its associated correlates among type-2 diabetes patients in Bangladesh: A hospital-based study.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Exploring the potential of delivering mental health care services using digital technologies in Bangladesh: A qualitative analysis.Internet interventions · 2022Article
- Stress, Depression, and Unhealthy Behavior Changes among Patients with Diabetes during COVID-19 in Korea.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFear is a primary emotional reaction to the deadly coronavirus disease which might be an associated factor for developing depressive symptoms. This study aimed to assess the level and associated factors of fear and depression amid the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population of Bangladesh.
methodsAfter providing informed consent, 1050 participants completed the cross-sectional online survey tool. Depressive symptoms and fear were assessed through the PHQ-9 and validated fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to predict potential factors of fear and depression.
resultsThe study finds that females had higher scores for fear of COVID-19 scale (β1' = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.47) and Patient Health Questionnaire (β2' = 1.92; 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.88) than their male counterpart. Respondents considering the virus to be extremely dangerous had higher scores for FCV-19S (β1' = 1.55; 95% CI: 0.66 to 2.44) and PHQ-9 (β2 = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.25 to 2.92). Similarly, respondents considering themselves unsafe and very worried about the virus had increased scores for both FCV-19S and PHQ-9. On other hand, people those were reluctant to use masks (β1' = -1.58; 95% CI: -3.12 to -0.04) or seek doctors' advice (β1' = -0.93; 95% CI: -1.83 to -0.02) if COVID-19 symptoms appear, had comparatively lower scores for FCV-19S.
conclusionsFear of COVID-19 and depression were found to be associated with some specific knowledge, attitude & preparedness towards COVID-19 which should be adequately addressed in public health strategies to prevent the virus.
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