ReviewClinical kidney journal2021
Intravenous iron therapy and the cardiovascular system: risks and benefits.
Review in Clinical kidney journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of intravenous iron therapy on mortality and cardiovascular events of patients on hemodialysis: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat Versus Darbepoetin Alfa for Chronic Kidney Disease-Related Anemia in Patients Receiving Dialysis by Baseline Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Dose.Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis · 2026Trial
- Analysis of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial function following intravenous iron in chronic kidney disease in the Iron and Heart Trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- The prognostic value of serum hepcidin-25 in predicting cardiovascular events among maintenance hemodialysis patients: insights from the INFINITY cohort.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Observational
- A whole-body mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of intravenous iron.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Hyporesponsiveness to Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in Dialysis-Dependent Patients with Anaemia of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Observational Study.Advances in therapy · 2025Observational
- Iron management and exercise training in individuals with chronic kidney disease: lived experiences.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Treatment Inertia and Symptom Burden in Anemia of CKD: Insights from the SATISFY Survey in the Middle East, South Africa, and Türkiye.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2025Article
- Impact of Iron Deficiency and Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents on Anemia in CKD Progression.International journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of Estimated Total Body Iron with All-Cause Mortality in Japanese Hemodialysis Patients: The Miyazaki Dialysis Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Comparison of different intravenous iron preparations in terms of total oxidant and total antioxidant status, single center data.Annals of hematology · 2023Observational
- Markers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Endothelial Function following High-Dose Intravenous Iron in Patients with Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease-A Pooled Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Role of Iron in Calciphylaxis-A Current Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Intravenous iron supplementation in heart failure patients induces temporary endothelial dysfunction with release of endothelial microvesicles.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Current Status of Renal Anemia Pharmacotherapy-What Can We Offer Today.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Ferric carboxymaltose vs. ferrous sulfate for the treatment of anemia in advanced chronic kidney disease: an observational retrospective study and cost analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this setting, iron deficiency is frequent because of the combination of increased iron needs to sustain erythropoiesis with increased iron losses. Over the years, evidence has accumulated on the involvement of iron in influencing pulmonary vascular resistance, endothelial function, atherosclerosis progression and infection risk. For decades, iron therapy has been the mainstay of therapy for renal anaemia together with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). Despite its long-standing use, grey areas still surround the use of iron therapy in CKD. In particular, the right balance between either iron repletion with adequate therapy and the avoidance of iron overload and its possible negative effects is still a matter of debate. This is particularly true in patients having functional iron deficiency. The recent Proactive IV Iron Therapy in Haemodialysis Patients trial supports the use of intravenous (IV) iron therapy until a ferritin upper limit of 700 ng/mL is reached in haemodialysis patients on ESA therapy, with short dialysis vintage and minimal signs of inflammation. IV iron therapy has also been proven to be effective in the setting of heart failure (HF), where it improves exercise capacity and quality of life and possibly reduces the risk of HF hospitalizations and cardiovascular deaths. In this review we discuss the risks of functional iron deficiency and the possible benefits and risks of iron therapy for the cardiovascular system in the light of old and new evidence.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.