Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34188784›Full record

ArticleComputational and structural biotechnology journal2021

Robustness of differential gene expression analysis of RNA-seq.

A Stupnikov, C E McInerney, K I Savage, S A McIntosh, F Emmert-Streib, R Kennedy, M Salto-Tellez, K M Prise, D G McArt

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Computational and structural biotechnology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guideline
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  3. Gene-Based Clustering Identifies QSOX1 and IL1RAP as Biomarkers of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
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  12. Genome-wide transcriptome differences associated with perceived discrimination in an urban, community-dwelling middle-aged cohort.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

A StupnikovDepartment of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation.
C E McInerneyPatrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
K I SavagePatrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
S A McIntoshPatrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
F Emmert-StreibPredictive Society and Data Analytics Lab, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
R KennedyPatrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
M Salto-TellezPatrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
K M PrisePatrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
D G McArtPatrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a relatively new technology that lacks standardisation. RNA-seq can be used for Differential Gene Expression (DGE) analysis, however, no consensus exists as to which methodology ensures robust and reproducible results. Indeed, it is broadly acknowledged that DGE methods provide disparate results. Despite obstacles, RNA-seq assays are in advanced development for clinical use but further optimisation will be needed. Herein, five DGE models (DESeq2, voom + limma, edgeR, EBSeq, NOISeq) for gene-level detection were investigated for robustness to sequencing alterations using a controlled analysis of fixed count matrices. Two breast cancer datasets were analysed with full and reduced sample sizes. DGE model robustness was compared between filtering regimes and for different expression levels (high, low) using unbiased metrics. Test sensitivity estimated as relative False Discovery Rate (FDR), concordance between model outputs and comparisons of a 'population' of slopes of relative FDRs across different library sizes, generated using linear regressions, were examined. Patterns of relative DGE model robustness proved dataset-agnostic and reliable for drawing conclusions when sample sizes were sufficiently large. Overall, the non-parametric method NOISeq was the most robust followed by edgeR, voom, EBSeq and DESeq2. Our rigorous appraisal provides information for method selection for molecular diagnostics. Metrics may prove useful towards improving the standardisation of RNA-seq for precision medicine.

Indexed as

DiagnosticsDifferential gene expression analysisDifferential gene expression modelsPrecision medicineRNA-seqStandardisation

Identifiers

PMID34188784
PMCPMC8214188

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.