ArticleInfection and drug resistance2021
Presence of HPV, EBV and HMTV Viruses Among Egyptian Breast Cancer Women: Molecular Detection and Clinical Relevance.
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- HPV in breast cancer: prevalence and comparison with healthy tissue-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- An updated systemic review and meta-analysis on human papillomavirus in breast carcinogenesis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Beyond the Usual Suspects: Emerging Associations Between Epstein-Barr Virus Infection/Infectious Mononucleosis and Cancers.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Absence of high-risk human papillomavirus in breast cancer tissues from young BRCA1/BRCA2-negative women.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Molecular detection of HPV, EBV, and polyomaviruses in thyroid tumors and their clinicopathological relevance.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Detection ofInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association of Human Papilloma Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr Virus with Breast Cancer in Jordanian Women.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Unveiling the multifaceted realm of human papillomavirus: a comprehensive exploration of biology, interactions, and advances in cancer management.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Deleterious and ethnic-related BRCA1/2 mutations in tissue and blood of Egyptian colorectal cancer patients and its correlation with human papillomavirus.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Non-Response of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Breast Cancer after Primary Chemotherapy: Report of Two Cases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Epstein-Barr Viral Infection and the Risk for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research · 2023Review
- HPV-Associated Breast Cancer: Myth or Fact?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Human Papillomaviruses-Related Cancers: An Update on the Presence and Prevention Strategies in the Middle East and North African Regions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Malignant Neoplasia and Non-Malignant Breast Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- The Viral Origin of Human Breast Cancer: From the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) to the Human Betaretrovirus (HBRV).Viruses · 2022Review
- Association of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and Epstein--Barr virus infection in patients with invasive breast cancer.Diagnostic pathology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOncogenic viruses, their possible association with breast cancer (BC) and effect on its clinical course are interesting issue. The present study evaluates the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV), EpsteinBarr virus (EBV), and human mammary tumor virus (HMTV) in BC and their relation with clinico-pathological characteristics. PATIENTS AND
methodsThis study was conducted on 80 Egyptian women with BC and 30 control women without known oncological disease. Forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, forty fresh tissue samples, and white blood cells (WBCs) of BC patients and WBCs of controls were subjected to a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure viral loads in fresh tissues of BC. The result was correlated with clinico-pathological characteristics of BC.
resultsHPV was detected in 33 (41.25%), EBV in 30 (37.5%) and HMTV in 33 (41.25%) BC patients. None of the control women was positive for HPV or EBV while HMTV was detected in 7 (23.3%). Among 40 BC WBCs specimens, HPV/HMTV were found together in 25%, followed by EBV/HMTV in 2.5% and EBV/HPV in 2.5%. However, the three viruses (HPV/EBV/HMTV) were found together in only 5%. In the 40 fresh BC tissues, the three viruses were found together in 12 (30%), EBV/HMTV in 7 (17.5%), HPV/HMTV in 4 (10%), and HPV/EBV in 4 (10%). EBV, HMTV, or multiple viral infections were associated with younger age of BC women. HPV, EBV, and HMTV median loads in fresh tissues were 4.8×10
conclusionWBCs could be a more suitable specimen instead of fresh tissue for HMTV detection in BC patients to avoid invasive procedures. The presence of HPV, EBV, and HMTV together in Egyptian women with BC was significantly associated with younger age.
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