ArticleScientific reports2021
Activation of NF-κB and induction of proinflammatory cytokine expressions mediated by ORF7a protein of SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ascertaining the mechanistic etiology of COVID-associated glomerulonephritis: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Early peripheral blood MCEMP1 and HLA-DRA expression predicts COVID-19 prognosis.EBioMedicine · 2023Pooled it
- Newly Emerged Antiviral Strategies for SARS-CoV-2: From Deciphering Viral Protein Structural Function to the Development of Vaccines, Antibodies, and Small Molecules.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- T cell receptors equipped with ICOS provide T cells with durable anti-tumor response.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Ciclopirox reprograms effector responses and modulates Notch1 activation in activated human T cells.iScience · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses the canonical NF-κB pathway by promoting ubiquitin-dependent degradation of TAK1 kinase.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A murine coronavirus infection platform identifies proviral and proinflammatory activities of SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein 7a.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Pulmonary fibrosis in post-COVID-19: epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a key mechanism and target for therapy.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- The role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemic nephropathy.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Role of mucosal chemokines in the development of tissue-resident CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A non-spike nucleocapsid R204P mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XEC enhances inflammation and pathogenicity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pinostrobin Inhibits Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling and Production of Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Human Macrophages.Nutrients · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 uptake and inflammatory response in senescent endothelial cells are regulated by the BSG/VEGFR2 pathway.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF3a and ORF6 alter the miRNome of human lung epithelial cells.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- A single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomic atlas of the COVID-19 liver reveals topological, functional, and regenerative organ disruption in patients.Genome biology · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review of current insights into the virulence factors of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF7 subgenomic RNA and Host IFN-β Expression in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients with Different Prognosis.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2025Article
- Hidden players of COVID-19: the evolving roles of SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immuno-epigenetic paradigms in coronavirus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in human populations recently. Severely ill COVID-19 patients exhibit the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, and such an unbalanced production of proinflammatory cytokines is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome with high mortality in COVID-19 patients. Our study provides evidence that the ORF3a, M, ORF7a, and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were NF-κB activators. The viral sequence from infected zoo lions belonged to clade V, and a single mutation of G251V is found for ORF3a gene compared to all other clades. No significant functional difference was found for clade V ORF3a, indicating the NF-κB activation is conserved among COVID-19 variants. Of the four viral proteins, the ORF7a protein induced the NF-κB dictated proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFNβ. The ORF7a protein also induced IL-3, IL-4, IL-7, IL-23. Of 15 different chemokines examined in the study, CCL11, CCL17, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL22, CCL25, CCL26, CCL27, and CXCL9 were significantly upregulated by ORF7. These cytokines and chemokines were frequently elevated in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Our data provide an insight into how SARS-CoV-2 modulates NF-κB signaling and inflammatory cytokine expressions. The ORF7a protein may be a desirable target for strategic developments to minimize uncontrolled inflammation in COVID-19 patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.