Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34187509›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2021

Properties of the surface electromyogram following traumatic spinal cord injury: a scoping review.

Gustavo Balbinot, Guijin Li, Matheus Joner Wiest, Maureen Pakosh, Julio Cesar Furlan, Sukhvinder Kalsi-Ryan, Jose Zariffa

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07514117 (Electroacupuncture With Different Pulse Patterns for the Post-acute Phase of Bell's Palsy), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07514117 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Electroacupuncture With Different Pulse Patterns for the Post-acute Phase of Bell's Palsy: a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial With Surface Electromyography Evaluation

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityRan2026 to 2027Enrolled111ConditionsBell PalsyArmssham EA, Electroacupunture(continuous pulse pattern), Electroacupuncture(intermittent pulse pattern)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Gait analysis methods in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Gustavo BalbinotKITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada. gustavo.balbinot@uhn.ca.ORCID 0000-0003-2870-3966
Guijin LiKITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0856-0585
Matheus Joner WiestKITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1444-4828
Maureen PakoshLibrary & Information Services, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4507-3380
Julio Cesar FurlanKITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2038-0018
Sukhvinder Kalsi-RyanKITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-2332-5986
Jose ZariffaKITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-8842-745X
University Health Network · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts spinal and supraspinal pathways, and this process is reflected in changes in surface electromyography (sEMG). sEMG is an informative complement to current clinical testing and can capture the residual motor command in great detail-including in muscles below the level of injury with seemingly absent motor activities. In this comprehensive review, we sought to describe how the sEMG properties are changed after SCI. We conducted a systematic literature search followed by a narrative review focusing on sEMG analysis techniques and signal properties post-SCI. We found that early reports were mostly focused on the qualitative analysis of sEMG patterns and evolved to semi-quantitative scores and a more detailed amplitude-based quantification. Nonetheless, recent studies are still constrained to an amplitude-based analysis of the sEMG, and there are opportunities to more broadly characterize the time- and frequency-domain properties of the signal as well as to take fuller advantage of high-density EMG techniques. We recommend the incorporation of a broader range of signal properties into the neurophysiological assessment post-SCI and the development of a greater understanding of the relation between these sEMG properties and underlying physiology. Enhanced sEMG analysis could contribute to a more complete description of the effects of SCI on upper and lower motor neuron function and their interactions, and also assist in understanding the mechanisms of change following neuromodulation or exercise therapy.

Indexed as

Muscle, SkeletalSpinal Cord InjuriesElectromyographyExercise TherapyHumansMotor NeuronsSpinal CordElectrophysiologyScoping reviewSpinal cord injuriesSurface electromyography

Identifiers

PMID34187509
PMCPMC8244234
OpenAlexW3176421219

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.