SynthesisAIDS (London, England)2021
Structural determinants of HIV/STI prevalence, HIV/STI/sexual and reproductive health access, and condom use among immigrant sex workers globally.
Synthesis in AIDS (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Condom use and drug consumption in migrants: a systematic review.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2023Pooled it
- Distribution and trends of the global burden of female infertility attributable to sexually transmitted infections from 1990 to 2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Navigating sexual and reproductive health among Venezuelan women sex workers in Peru: Qualitative explorations of structural vulnerability and resistance.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Difficulty accessing contraceptives in a 2010-2022 prospective cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada: intersectional influence of im/migration status and racialization.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Peer-education strategies for enhancing sexual health services among female sex workers: a scoping review.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Article
- Social-structural barriers to primary care among sex workers: findings from a community-based cohort in Vancouver, Canada (2014-2021).BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Migration: Interrelation Between Two Hot Topics in Global Health.Annals of global health · 2025Review
- Patterns of inconsistent condom use and risky sexual behaviors among female sex workers in Mozambique.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Structural Barriers to Primary Care Among Sex Workers: Findings from a Community- Based Cohort in Vancouver, Canada (2014-2021).Research square · 2024Article
- Trends in Sexual Health of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men, and Transgender Individuals: Apps Driven Testing Program for HIV and Other STIs in Barcelona, Spain (2016-2023).Journal of community health · 2024Article
- Article
- Gaps in health coverage for racialized im/migrant sex workers in metro Vancouver: Findings of a community-based cohort study (2014-2021).Journal of migration and health · 2024Article
- Sexual health beliefs and prevention of sexually transmitted infections among cisgender women sex workers in Colombia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Structural racism and violence: Routine healthcare access in a cohort of marginalized Indigenous women and Two-Spirit Peoples during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Research square · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of a Community Empowerment Intervention to Improve Access to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Migrant Women Sex Workers: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Implementation Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Insights into barriers and facilitators in PrEP uptake and use among migrant men and transwomen who have sex with men in Belgium.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevalence and Cascade of Care among Undocumented Sex Workers: A Twenty-Year-Long Experience.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevalence and structural correlates of HIV and STI testing among a community-based cohort of women sex workers in Vancouver Canada.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveGiven stark health inequities among precarious and criminalized workers, we aimed to apply a structural determinants framework to systematically review evidence on HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence, access to HIV/STI/SRH services, and condom use among im/migrant sex workers (ISWs) globally.
methodsSystematic search of peer-reviewed studies published in English (2009-2019). Eligible studies reported HIV/STI, access to HIV/STI/SRH services, and/or condom use outcomes and/or lived experiences among ISWs. Quantitative and qualitative data were synthesized using a structural determinants framework.
resultsOf 425 studies screened, 29 studies from 15 countries were included. HIV prevalence ranged from 0.3 to 13.6% and varied across settings, with highest prevalence among undocumented ISWs in a high-income country (Portugal). Precarious immigration status was a structural factor associated with poorer HIV/STI outcomes, whereas qualitative narratives showed ISWs' lived experiences as strongly shaped by policing and stigma. Despite disparities, in some settings, HIV and STI prevalence were lower and odds of condom use with clients were higher among ISWs relative to non-im/migrant sex workers. This review identified a paucity of research on SRH and male and gender-diverse ISWs. Across legislative settings, criminalization of SW and im/migrant status, policing, and migration-related marginalization were prominent structural barriers to ISWs' HIV/STI/SRH access.
conclusionThis review identified important inequities and variation in HIV/STI prevalence among ISWs globally. Our findings highlight impacts of the intersections of migration and criminalization, and suggest a need to reform criminalized sex work laws; address punitive policing and immigration enforcement; enable safer indoor work environments; and expand community-based interventions towards promoting HIV/STI/SRH access and health equity among ISWs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.