Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34185414›Full record

ArticleClinical and translational medicine2021

Melatonin inhibits lipid accumulation to repress prostate cancer progression by mediating the epigenetic modification of CES1.

Lijie Zhou, Cai Zhang, Xiong Yang, Lilong Liu, Junyi Hu, Yaxin Hou, Hong Tao, Haruhiko Sugimura, Zhaohui Chen, Liang Wang and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical and translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  5. Circadian clock and cancer.Military Medical Research · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Lijie ZhouDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Cai ZhangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Xiong YangDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Lilong LiuDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Junyi HuDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Yaxin HouDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Hong TaoDepartment of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
Haruhiko SugimuraDepartment of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
Zhaohui ChenDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Liang WangDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2886-1649
Ke ChenDepartment of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2098-1921
Union Hospital · CNHamamatsu University · JPFirst Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main clinical treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, PCa eventually progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), largely because of androgen receptor variation and increased intratumoral androgen synthesis. Several studies have reported that one abnormal lipid accumulation is significantly related to the development of PCa. Melatonin (MLT) is a functionally pleiotropic indoleamine molecule and a key regulator of energy metabolism. The aim of our study is finding the links between CRPC and MLT and providing the basis for MLT treatment for CRPC.

methodsWe used animal CRPC models with a circadian rhythm disorder, and PCa cell lines to assess the role of melatonin in PCa.

resultsWe demonstrated that MLT treatment inhibited tumor growth and reversed enzalutamide resistance in animal CRPC models with a circadian rhythm disorder. A systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that MLT is positively associated with an increased risk of developing advanced PCa. Restoration of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) expression by MLT treatment significantly reduced lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, thereby inducing apoptosis by increasing endoplasmic reticulum stress, reducing de novo intratumoral androgen synthesis, repressing CRPC progression and reversing the resistance to new endocrine therapy. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that MLT regulates the epigenetic modification of CES1. Ces1-knockout (Ces

conclusionsOur findings provide novel preclinical and clinical information about the role of melatonin in advanced PCa and characterize the importance of enzalutamide combined with MLT administration as a therapy for advanced PCa.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, NeoplasmEpigenesis, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticAcetylationAndrogen AntagonistsAnimalsAntioxidantsApoptosisBenzamidesBiomarkers, TumorCarboxylic Ester HydrolasesCell ProliferationDNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1HumansLipidsMaleAndrogen AntagonistsAntioxidantsAR protein, humanBenzamidesBiomarkers, TumorCarboxylic Ester HydrolasesCES1 protein, humanDNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1DNMT1 protein, humanenzalutamideLipidsMelatoninNitrilesPhenylthiohydantoinReceptors, AndrogenSIRT1 protein, humanSirtuin 1CES1enzalutamide resistancelipid metabolismmelatoninprostate cancer

Identifiers

PMID34185414
PMCPMC8181204
OpenAlexW3192816675

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.