Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34185299›Full record

ArticleAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2020

The Tumor Microenvironment of Bladder Cancer.

Ken Hatogai, Randy F Sweis

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
67.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  16. Article
  17. Bladder (San Francisco, Calif.) · 2025
    Article
  18. Single-cell analysis reveals potential therapeutic markers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bladder cancer patients.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ken HatogaiDepartment of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Randy F SweisDepartment of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. rsweis@uchicago.edu.
University of Chicago · US

Funding

VIRAL ONCOLOGY CORE FACILITYP30CA014599 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI CHIEN-MIN KAO · 1985 to 2026
$122.1M
Elucidating immunotherapy resistance mechanisms in non-T cell-inflamed bladder cancerK08CA234392 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI SWEIS, RANDY F. · 2018 to 2021
$851k
NCI NIH HHS K08 CA234392NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014599
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bladder cancer has been well known as immunotherapy-responsive disease as intravesical therapy with BCG has been the standard of care for non-muscle invasive disease for several decades. In addition, immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer. However, only a small fraction of patients with bladder cancer can benefit from these therapies. As immunotherapies act on the tumor microenvironment, understanding it is essential to expand the efficacy of modern treatments. The bladder cancer microenvironment consists of various components including tumor cells, immune cells, and other stromal cells, affecting each other via immune checkpoint molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. The development of an antitumor immune response depends on tumor antigen recognition by antigen presenting cells and priming and recruitment of effector T cells. Accumulated evidence shows that these processes are impacted by multiple types of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment including regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid derived suppressor cells. In addition, recent advances in genomic profiling have shed light on the relationship between molecular subtypes and the tumor microenvironment. Finally, emerging evidence has shown that multiple factors can impact the tumor microenvironment in bladder cancer, including tumor-oncogenic signaling, patient genetics, and the commensal microbiome.

Indexed as

Tumor MicroenvironmentUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsAntigens, NeoplasmHumansImmunotherapyT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryAntigens, NeoplasmBladder cancerDendritic cellsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsMacrophagesMyeloid-derived suppressor cellsPericytesT cell-inflamedTumor infiltrating lymphocytesTumor microenvironmentUrothelial cancer

Identifiers

PMID34185299
PMCPMC8345230
OpenAlexW3175583152

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.