Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34184812›Full record

ArticleHuman brain mapping2021

Nonlinear manifold learning in functional magnetic resonance imaging uncovers a low-dimensional space of brain dynamics.

Siyuan Gao, Gal Mishne, Dustin Scheinost

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human brain mapping, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Cognition emerges from phase dynamics of intrinsic coordination.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Connectivity Regression.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Siyuan GaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Gal MishneHalıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Dustin ScheinostDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6301-1167

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
Mapping the Human Connectome: Structure, Function, and HeritabilityU54MH091657 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI UGURBIL, KAMIL, VAN ESSEN, DAVID C · 2010 to 2014
$34.7M
Human Translational Applications Core (HTA - Core) (7 of 8)PL1MH083271 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BILDER, ROBERT M · 2007 to 2011
$5.8M
Translational Methods/Facilities Core (TMF - Core) (8 of 8)PL1NS062410 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI EVANS, CHRISTOPHER J. · 2007 to 2011
$4.6M
An Individualized, Multidimensional Dimensional Approach to PsychopathologyR01MH121095 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI CONSTABLE, R TODD, SCHEINOST, DUSTIN · 2019 to 2023
$4.2M
Translational Models of Memory and Cognitive Control (Component 5 of 8)RL1MH083270 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI JENTSCH, J. DAVID · 2007 to 2011
$2.6M
Whole Genome Assoc. Analysis Strategies for Multi. PhenotypesRL1MH083268 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI FREIMER, NELSON B. · 2007 to 2011
$2.1M
Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics-Coordinating Center (1 of 8)UL1DE019580 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BILDER, ROBERT M · 2008 to 2011
$1.9M
Memory Mechanisms and Mental DisordersRL1MH083269 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI CANNON, TYRONE D · 2007 to 2011
$1.8M
Response Inhibition and Dopamine Neurotransmission (RI) (4 of 8)RL1DA024853 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LONDON, EDYTHE DANICK · 2007 to 2011
$1.7M
UCSD Leading the Advancement of Underrepresented Neuroscientists for Change (LAUNCH) Faculty Development ProgramR25NS117367 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Victoria B Risbrough, Joann Trejo · 2020 to 2026
$1.6M
Hypothesis Web Development for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics (6 of 8)RL1LM009833 · NLM · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI PARKER, DOUGLASS STOTT · 2007 to 2011
$1.5M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NIDA NIH HHS RL1 DA024853NIDCR NIH HHS UL1 DE019580NIH HHS 1U54MH091657NIH HHS MH121095NIH HHS PL1MH083271NIH HHS PL1NS062410NIH HHS RL1DA024853NIH HHS RL1LM009833NIH HHS RL1MH083268NIH HHS RL1MH083269NIH HHS RL1MH083270NIH HHS UL1-DE019580NIMH NIH HHS PL1 MH083271NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121095NIMH NIH HHS RL1 MH083268NIMH NIH HHS RL1 MH083269NIMH NIH HHS RL1 MH083270NIMH NIH HHS U54 MH091657NINDS NIH HHS PL1 NS062410NINDS NIH HHS R25 NS117367NLM NIH HHS RL1 LM009833
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large-scale brain dynamics are believed to lie in a latent, low-dimensional space. Typically, the embeddings of brain scans are derived independently from different cognitive tasks or resting-state data, ignoring a potentially large-and shared-portion of this space. Here, we establish that a shared, robust, and interpretable low-dimensional space of brain dynamics can be recovered from a rich repertoire of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This occurs when relying on nonlinear approaches as opposed to traditional linear methods. The embedding maintains proper temporal progression of the tasks, revealing brain states and the dynamics of network integration. We demonstrate that resting-state data embeds fully onto the same task embedding, indicating similar brain states are present in both task and resting-state data. Our findings suggest analysis of fMRI data from multiple cognitive tasks in a low-dimensional space is possible and desirable.

Indexed as

Machine LearningAdultBrainConnectomeFunctional NeuroimagingHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMental Processesdiffusion mapsdynamic connectivityintegrationparticipation coefficientsegregation

Identifiers

PMID34184812
PMCPMC8410525

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.