Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34184781›Full record

ArticleAnnals of neurology2021

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Risk Loci for Cluster Headache.

Emer O'Connor, Carmen Fourier, Caroline Ran, Prasanth Sivakumar, Franziska Liesecke, Laura Southgate, Aster V E Harder, Lisanne S Vijfhuizen, Janice Yip, Nicola Giffin and 30 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
9.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Article
  7. Hallmarks of primary headache: part 3 - cluster headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Reviewing the complex relationship between circadian rhythms and cluster headache.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2025
    Review
  10. 15. Cluster Headache.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions and Nociplastic Pain.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Genetics of migraine: where are we now?The journal of headache and pain · 2023
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors at 17 institutions in 9 countries.

Emer O'Connor *Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Carmen Fourier *Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6618-8948
Caroline Ran *Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Prasanth SivakumarDepartment of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Franziska LieseckeDepartment of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Laura SouthgateMolecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2090-1450
Aster V E HarderDepartment of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5477-7232
Lisanne S VijfhuizenDepartment of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Janice YipDepartment of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Nicola GiffinNeurology Department, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK.
Nicholas SilverWalton Centre, Liverpool, UK.
Fayyaz AhmedDepartment of Neurology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK.
Isabel C HostettlerDepartment of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Brendan DaviesDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital North Midlands National Health Service Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
M Zameel CaderWeatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Benjamin S SimpsonDivision of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
Roisin SullivanDepartment of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4636-8033
Stephanie EfthymiouDepartment of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Joycee AdebimpeDepartment of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Olivia QuinnDepartment of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Ciaran CampbellScience Foundation Ireland FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Gianpiero L CavalleriScience Foundation Ireland FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Michail VikelisGlyfada Headache Clinic, Glyfada, Greece.
Tim KeldermanDepartment of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Koen PaemeleireDepartment of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Emer KilbrideUniversity College Hospital London, London, UK.
Lou GrangeonHeadache and Facial Pain Group, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8458-7683
Susie LagrataHeadache and Facial Pain Group, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
Daisuke DannoHeadache and Facial Pain Group, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
Richard TrembathDepartment of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Nicholas W WoodDepartment of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9500-3348
Ingrid KockumDivision of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-0867-4726
Bendik S WinsvoldDepartment of Research, Innovation, and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-4171-8919
Anna SteinbergDivision of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Christina SjöstrandDivision of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Elisabet WaldenlindDivision of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jana Vandrovcova *Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Henry Houlden *Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Manjit Matharu *Headache and Facial Pain Group, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
Andrea Carmine Belin *Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6668-3172
University College London · GBAmerican Institute of Biological Sciences · USKarolinska Institutet · SENational Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery · GBGhent University Hospital · BELeiden University Medical Center · NLRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland · IEBase Training · GRHull Royal Infirmary · GBKing's College London · GBNational Health Service · GBOslo University Hospital · NORoyal United Hospital · GBSt George's, University of London · GBUniversity College Hospital · GBUniversity of Liverpool · GBUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Brain FoundationBrain Research UKHealth education EnglandHjärnfonden FO2018-0008Karolinska Institutet Research Funds 2018-01738Medical Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilUniversity of LondonVetenskapsrådet 2017-01096Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust and strategic award WT093205 MAWellcome Trust and strategic award WT104033AIAWellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund 204809/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study was undertaken to identify susceptibility loci for cluster headache and obtain insights into relevant disease pathways.

methodsWe carried out a genome-wide association study, where 852 UK and 591 Swedish cluster headache cases were compared with 5,614 and 1,134 controls, respectively. Following quality control and imputation, single variant association testing was conducted using a logistic mixed model for each cohort. The 2 cohorts were subsequently combined in a merged analysis. Downstream analyses, such as gene-set enrichment, functional variant annotation, prediction and pathway analyses, were performed.

resultsInitial independent analysis identified 2 replicable cluster headache susceptibility loci on chromosome 2. A merged analysis identified an additional locus on chromosome 1 and confirmed a locus significant in the UK analysis on chromosome 6, which overlaps with a previously known migraine locus. The lead single nucleotide polymorphisms were rs113658130 (p = 1.92 × 10

interpretationWe identified and replicated several genome-wide significant associations supporting a genetic predisposition in cluster headache in a genome-wide association study involving 1,443 cases. Replication in larger independent cohorts combined with comprehensive phenotyping, in relation to, for example, treatment response and cluster headache subtypes, could provide unprecedented insights into genotype-phenotype correlations and the pathophysiological pathways underlying cluster headache. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:193-202.

Indexed as

Case-Control StudiesCluster HeadacheCohort StudiesFemaleGenetic LociGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMaleSwedenUnited Kingdom

Identifiers

PMID34184781
PMCPMC7619354
OpenAlexW3174843584

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.