ArticleAnnals of medicine2021
Association between the liver fat score (LFS) and cardiovascular diseases in the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2016.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic value of FIB-4 and NFS for cardiovascular events in patients with and without NAFLD.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Heart-liver co-management: epidemiology, mechanisms, and novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and coronary artery disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Egypt: Epidemiology, risk factors and management challenges.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Relationship between De Ritis and clinical outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Insights from the LongTEAM registry.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An insight on the additive impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on cardiovascular consequences.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Harnessing Metabolic Indices as a Predictive Tool for Cardiovascular Disease in a Korean Population without Known Major Cardiovascular Event.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of Hepatic Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Risk.Current cardiology reports · 2023Review
- Impacts of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on Acute Coronary Syndrome: Evidence and Controversies.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): Gut-Liver-Heart Crosstalk.Nutrients · 2023Review
- New Insights into Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: The Liver-Heart Axis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score in overweight and obese individuals.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident heart failure: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2022Article
- MAFLD/NAFLD Biopsy-Free Scoring Systems for Hepatic Steatosis, NASH, and Fibrosis Diagnosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe liver fat score (LFS) has been proposed to be a simple non-invasive marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is highly prevalent in the general population. We tested its association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and prognosis.
methods17,244 adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016 were included. LFS is calculated from variables including serum aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio, fasting serum aspartate transaminase (AST) level, fasting serum insulin level, presence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. In cross-sectional analysis, logistic regression was used to examine the association of the LFS with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), stroke and angina pectoris. Mortality during follow-up was analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression.
resultsLFS was associated with CHD (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.09 per standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.03-1.15) (
conclusionsNAFLD is usually asymptomatic, but this large study of a large general population shows that LFS is associated with CHD, CHF, angina pectoris, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Determining the LFS is worthwhile, as it identifies people with NAFLD, who may also be at increased cardiovascular risk.Key MessagesLiver fat score (LFS), a non-invasive marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF) and angina.LFS is also associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.Determining the LFS is worthwhile as it identifies people with NAFLD as well as increased cardiovascular risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.