ArticleAutism : the international journal of research and practice2022
Medical symptoms and conditions in autistic women.
Article in Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autism, menstruation and mental health- a scoping review and a call to action.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- The prenatal sex steroid theory of autism after 25 years.Nature human behaviour · 2026Review
- Risk of hospitalization and death among autistic young people in England during the Covid-19 pandemic.Molecular autism · 2026Article
- Approaches for Predicting the Occurrence of Challenging Behaviors in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Diagnosis of common health conditions among autistic adults in the UK: evidence from a matched cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Reproductive healthcare in adolescents with autism and other developmental disabilities.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Article
- Health conditions and service use of autistic women and men: A retrospective population-based case-control study.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
- Analysis of salivary steroid hormones in boys with autism spectrum disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Measuring subjective quality of life in autistic adults with the PROMIS global-10: Psychometric study and development of an autism-specific scoring method.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
- Characterizing the physical and mental health profile of children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder in Spain.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- The genetics of autism and steroid-related traits in prenatal and postnatal life.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Sex-related brain connectivity correlates of compensation in adults with autism: insights into female protection.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2022Article
- Maternal androgens and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES prospective cohort study.Research in autism spectrum disorders · 2022Article
- A capabilities approach to understanding and supporting autistic adulthood.Nature reviews psychology · 2022Review
- Reproductive health and healthcare experiences in autistic and non-autistic individuals assigned female at birth.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
lay abstractSex-steroids, such as testosterone, are thought to be one of the biological factors implicated in autism. This relies on the sex bias in the diagnosis of autism (boys are approximately four times more likely to be diagnosed than girls) and findings of associations with fetal testosterone levels in traits and abilities related to autism. The current study aimed to examine the association between medical conditions and physical symptoms, which tend to manifest in adulthood, and autism in females. Moreover, we examined their association with autistic traits throughout the spectrum. We focused on autistic women because there is little research focusing on the healthcare needs of autistic women, but those that exist suggest heightened vulnerability, and lower access to medical care. We find that conditions related to steroid hormones function are more frequent in autistic women and that they correlate with autistic traits. Specifically, we found that body mass index, reproductive system diagnoses, prediabetes symptoms, irregular puberty onset, and menstrual irregularities were significantly more frequent in autistic women and were significantly correlated with autistic traits in neurotypical women. The findings have important implications for raising awareness in autistic women of the possibility of medical conditions which might need medical attention. In addition, healthcare providers should consider these associations when performing healthcare maintenance checks and/or screening for autism.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.