Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34184229›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2021

Application of green nanoemulsion to treat contaminated water (bulk aqueous solution) with azithromycin.

Afzal Hussain, Obaid Afzal, Abdulmalik S A Altamimi, Raisuddin Ali

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Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Afzal HussainDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11541, Saudi Arabia.
Obaid AfzalDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia. o.akram@psau.edu.sa.
Abdulmalik S A AltamimiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Raisuddin AliDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11541, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present work aimed to remove azithromycin (AZM) from the contaminated aqueous system using a water/ethanol/transcutol/Capryol-90 green nanoemulsion. The drug is identified as a potential pharmaceutical contaminant detrimental for flora and fauna of aquatic lives as well as human health. Green nanoemulsions were tailored and characterized for thermodynamic stability, size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, viscosity, refractive index (RI), and morphological assessment using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, nanoemulsions were investigated for percent removal efficiency (%RE) and factors affecting percent removal efficiency (%RE). The results suggested that the developed green nanoemulsions (ANE1-ANE5) were transparent (˂ 200 nm) and stable. ANE5 exhibited the lowest value of globular size (49 nm), PDI (0.17), viscosity (~ 93 cP), and optimum zeta potential (-27.8 mV). The value of %RE depended upon the content of water and Capryol-90 of the nanoemulsion. Furthermore, the value of %RE was found to be increased with increased content of water, whereas this was decreased on increasing the Capryol-90 content in the nanoemulsions. Similarly, on decreasing the values of size and viscosity, the %RE values were observed to be increased. There was insignificant impact of the duration of exposure time on %RE. Thus, the maximum %RE value (96.8%) was obtained by ANE5 from the aqueous solution after 20 min of contact time with ANE5. Thus, this method could be a promising approach to remove AZM from the contaminated water and serve as an alternative to conventional methods.

Indexed as

AzithromycinNanoparticlesEmulsionsParticle SizeThermodynamicsViscosityWaterAzithromycinEmulsionsWaterAzithromycinGreen nanoemulsionImpact of components and nanoemulsion parameters% removal efficiencyThermodynamic stability

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.