ArticleNature protocols2021
Coculture of primary human colon monolayer with human gut bacteria.
Article in Nature protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Developments and Applicability of In Vitro Gut Microbiota Models in Biomedical Research and Digestive Diseases-A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Unlocking the Bioactive Potential of Streptomyces: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Strain Improvement.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- In vitro modeling of inflammatory bowel diseases using a newly developed immunocompetent colon epithelial monolayer co-culture model.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Article
- Human colon organoid Transwell model for investigating epithelial growth and repair.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Article
- Bridging the gap: organotypic models to study late-onset group B streptococcus infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Intestinal epithelial TLR5 signaling promotes barrier-supportive macrophages.Science immunology · 2026Article
- Precision microbiome medicine and therapeutics: the enabling role of in vitro gut models.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Mediated Interaction Between Microglia and Müller Cells Exacerbates Retinal Ganglion Cell Damage in Experimental Glaucoma.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Development of a Caco-2-based intestinal mucosal model to study intestinal barrier properties and bacteria-mucus interactions.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Programmable conjugative CRISPR interference targeting genotoxin in the gut.Research square · 2025Article
- Programmable conjugative CRISPR interference targeting genotoxin in the gut.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A Practical Guide to Developing and Troubleshooting Patient-Derived "Mini-Gut" Colorectal Organoids for Clinical Research.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- A scalable long-termbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Intestinal organoid models as tools to interrogate the physiology of human mucosal tissues and host-microbe interactions.mSphere · 2025Review
- Comparison of Coculture Models of Eukaryotic Cells With Pathogenic and/or Commensal Bacteria for Tissue Engineering.Biotechnology and applied biochemistry · 2025Review
- Gastrointestinal tract, its pathophysiology andWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- The carotenoid torularhodin alleviates NAFLD by promoting Akkermanisa muniniphila-mediated adenosylcobalamin metabolism.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Advances and applications of gut organoids: modeling intestinal diseases and therapeutic development.Life medicine · 2025Review
- Organoid modeling meets cancers of female reproductive tract.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The presence of microbes in the colon impacts host physiology. Therefore, microbes are being evaluated as potential treatments for colorectal diseases. Humanized model systems that enable robust culture of primary human intestinal cells with bacteria facilitate evaluation of potential treatments. Here, we describe a protocol that can be used to coculture a primary human colon monolayer with aerotolerant bacteria. Primary human colon cells maintained as organoids are dispersed into single-cell suspensions and then seeded on collagen-coated Transwell inserts, where they attach and proliferate to form confluent monolayers within days of seeding. The confluent monolayers are differentiated for an additional 4 d and then cocultured with bacteria. As an example application, we describe how to coculture differentiated colon cells for 8 h with four strains of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, each engineered to detect different colonic microenvironments via genetically embedded logic circuits incorporating deoxycholic acid and anhydrotetracycline sensors. Characterization of this coculture system reveals that barrier function remains intact in the presence of engineered B. thetaiotaomicron. The bacteria stay close to the mucus layer and respond in a microenvironment-specific manner to the inducers (deoxycholic acid and anhydrotetracycline) of the genetic circuits. This protocol thus provides a useful mucosal barrier system to assess the effects of bacterial cells that respond to the colonic microenvironment, and may also be useful in other contexts to model human intestinal barrier properties and microbiota-host interactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.