SynthesisNature communications2021
A multi-ethnic epigenome-wide association study of leukocyte DNA methylation and blood lipids.
Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph
Synthesis in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome- and epigenome-wide association studies identify susceptibility of CpG sites and regions for metabolic syndrome in a Korean population.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Pooled it
- Deconfounded-Debiased Estimation and Inference for High-Dimensional Mediation Analysis With Pervasive Hidden Confounders.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Simultaneous Assessment of Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to the Plasma Lipid Levels with Respect to Cardiovascular Risk.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
- Age-varying DNA methylation patterns associated with blood pressure in mid-to-late adulthood.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Article
- State-Dependent DNA Methylation Signatures Distinguish Acute from Stable Coronary Syndromes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- DNA methylation is associated with von Willebrand factor and coagulation factor VIII plasma levels: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Cumulative lipid exposure in young adulthood and risk of midlife MASLD.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Age-varying DNA methylation patterns associated with blood pressure across the lifespan.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Poly-epigenetic scores for cardiometabolic risk factors interact with demographic factors and health behaviors in older US Adults.Epigenetics · 2025Article
- Methylome-wide association analyses of lipids and modifying effects of behavioral factors in diverse race and ethnicity participants.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Longitudinal association between DNA methylation and type 2 diabetes: findings from the KORA F4/FF4 study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- EpipwR: efficient power analysis for EWAS with continuous outcomes.Bioinformatics advances · 2025Article
- Association Between ABCG1/TCF7L2 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Intervention Trial Based on a Case-Control Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Methylation patterns associated with C-reactive protein in racially and ethnically diverse populations.Epigenetics · 2024Article
- Associations of DNA-methylation measures of biological aging with social disparities in child and adolescent mental health.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024Article
- Methylation status ofEpigenomics · 2024Article
- Epigenetics of the far northern Yakutian population.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- Multi-tissue epigenetic analysis identifies distinct associations underlying insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease at CPT1A locus.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- The lipidomic correlates of epigenetic aging across the adult lifespan: A population-based study.Aging cell · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
64 authors at 20 institutions in 7 countries.
Min-A JhunDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. mina.jhun82@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-7553
Michael MendelsonPopulation Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-3958
Rory WilsonResearch Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3764
Rahul GondaliaDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Roby JoehanesHebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5549-9054
Elias SalfatiDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Xiaoping ZhaoThe Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Kim Valeska Emilie BraunDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8738-4139
Anh Nguyet DoDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Åsa K HedmanDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5413-204X
Tao ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Elena Carnero-MontoroDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-9627
Jincheng ShenDepartment of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Traci M BartzCardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jennifer A BrodyCardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-148X
May E MontasserDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jeff R O'ConnellDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Chen YaoPopulation Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3944-7788
Rui XiaThe Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Eric BoerwinkleSchool of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Huston, TX, USA.
Megan GroveSchool of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Huston, TX, USA.
Weihua GuanDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Pfeiffer LilianeResearch Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.
Paula SingmannResearch Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-9970
Martina Müller-NurasyidInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3793-5910
Thomas MeitingerInstitute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
Christian GiegerResearch Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.
Annette PetersInstitute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-0985
Wei ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-0692
Erin B WareDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-8158
Jennifer A SmithDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-5468
Klodian DhanaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Joyce van MeursDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Andre UitterlindenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-3387
Mohammad Arfan IkramDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-8585
Mohsen GhanbariDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-7143
Deugi ZhiSchool of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Stefan GustafssonDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-0351
Lars LindDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Shengxu LiDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Dianjianyi SunDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Tim D SpectorDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-0365
Yii-der Ida ChenInstitute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
Coleen DamcottDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-7395
Alan R ShuldinerDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Devin M AbsherHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Steve HorvathDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-3589
Philip S TsaoDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7274-9318
Sharon KardiaDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Bruce M PsatyCardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Nona SotoodehniaCardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jordana T BellDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-5986
Erik IngelssonDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Wei ChenDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-7943
Abbas DehghanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Donna K ArnettDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-657X
Melanie WaldenbergerResearch Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-5093
Lifang HouDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Eric A WhitselDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Andrea BaccarelliDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Daniel LevyPopulation Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Myriam FornageThe Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-8158
Marguerite R IrvinDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Themistocles L AssimesDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. tassimes@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2349-0009
Erasmus MC · NLHelmholtz Zentrum München · DEUniversity of Michigan · USTulane University · USUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore · USUppsala University · SEBrown Foundation · USJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz · DEKing's College London · GBThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Washington · USNational Institutes of Health · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USVA Palo Alto Health Care System · USBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USBoston Children's Hospital · USHarvard University · USHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology · USKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute · US
Funding
UCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1MUCLA Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000124 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI DUBINETT, STEVEN M. · 2012 to 2015
$57.0MFramingham Project/LevyZIAHL006001 · NHLBI · NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE · PI LEVY, DANIEL · 2009 to 2025
$51.1MTransgenic & Knock-out MouseP30DK063491 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Andrea L Hevener · 2003 to 2026
$40.4MBuilding on GWAS for NHLBI-disease: the CHARGE consortiumRC2HL102419 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI BOERWINKLE, ERIC A. · 2009 to 2010
$27.6MUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham's Diabetes Research CenterP30DK079626 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Kirk Michael Habegger · 2013 to 2026
$19.5MExceptional Survival: Trajectories to Functional Aging (CHS All Stars)R01AG023629 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI NEWMAN, ANNE B. · 2004 to 2016
$9.5MCHARGE Consortium: Omics Discovery for CVD and Aging PhenotypesR01HL105756 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Bruce M Psaty, NICHOLAS L SMITH · 2011 to 2026
$9.5MRare variants and NHLBI traits in deeply phenotyped cohortsR01HL120393 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI PSATY, BRUCE M, RICE, KENNETH M. · 2014 to 2016
$8.9MCARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STUDY (CHS) - TASK AREA C, STUDY CLOSEOUT75N92021D00006 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI PSATY, BRUCE · 2021 to 2024
$8.4MCHS research resources for the cardiovascular health of older adultsU01HL130114 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BURKE, GREGORY L, KRONMAL, RICHARD A · 2016 to 2019
$6.6MEpigenetic Determinants of Lipid Response to Dietary Fat and FenofibrateR01HL104135 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI ARNETT, DONNA K · 2010 to 2015
$5.5MBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/S020845/1Department of HealthMedical Research Council MR/S019669/1NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000124NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001881NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92021D00006NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200800007CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100046CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201200036CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300006CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700001CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700001INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700002CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700002INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700003CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700004CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700005CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201700005INHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC025195NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC055222NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC085079NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC085080NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC085081NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC085082NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC085083NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC085086NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL087652NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL092111NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL103612NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL104135NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL105756NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL111089NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL116747NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL119443NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL120393NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL133221NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL141292NHLBI NIH HHS RC1 HL100185NHLBI NIH HHS RC2 HL102419NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054457NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL080295NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL130114NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054457NIA NIH HHS HHSN271201100004CNIA NIH HHS R01 AG023629NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063491NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079626NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES020836NIMHD NIH HHS R21 MD013296NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS087541Wellcome TrustWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004C
Abstract
Here we examine the association between DNA methylation in circulating leukocytes and blood lipids in a multi-ethnic sample of 16,265 subjects. We identify 148, 35, and 4 novel associations among Europeans, African Americans, and Hispanics, respectively, and an additional 186 novel associations through a trans-ethnic meta-analysis. We observe a high concordance in the direction of effects across racial/ethnic groups, a high correlation of effect sizes between high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, a modest overlap of associations with epigenome-wide association studies of other cardio-metabolic traits, and a largely non-overlap with lipid loci identified to date through genome-wide association studies. Thirty CpGs reached significance in at least 2 racial/ethnic groups including 7 that showed association with the expression of an annotated gene. CpGs annotated to CPT1A showed evidence of being influenced by triglycerides levels. DNA methylation levels of circulating leukocytes show robust and consistent association with blood lipid levels across multiple racial/ethnic groups.
Indexed as
AdultAgedBlack or African AmericanCarnitine O-PalmitoyltransferaseCpG IslandsDNA MethylationEpigenesis, GeneticEpigenomeEpigenomicsFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansLeukocytesLipidsLipoproteins, HDLMaleCarnitine O-PalmitoyltransferaseCPT1A protein, humanLipidsLipoproteins, HDL
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