Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34183413›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Connecting structure and function from organisms to molecules in small-animal symbioses through chemo-histo-tomography.

Benedikt Geier, Janina Oetjen, Bernhard Ruthensteiner, Maxim Polikarpov, Harald R Gruber-Vodicka, Manuel Liebeke

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Omics for deciphering oral microecology.International journal of oral science · 2024
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Taking a microscale look at symbiotic interactions-and why it matters.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
    Article
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Benedikt GeierMax Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany; bgeier@mpi-bremen.de mliebeke@mpi-bremen.de.ORCID 0000-0002-2942-2624
Janina OetjenMALDI Imaging Lab, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4088-5742
Bernhard RuthensteinerSNSB - The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, 81247 Munich, Germany.
Maxim PolikarpovEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4624-4356
Harald R Gruber-VodickaMax Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5819-1549
Manuel LiebekeMax Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany; bgeier@mpi-bremen.de mliebeke@mpi-bremen.de.ORCID 0000-0002-2339-1409
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology · DEBavarian State Collection of Zoology · DEDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY · DEUniversity of Bremen · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Our understanding of metabolic interactions between small symbiotic animals and bacteria or parasitic eukaryotes that reside within their bodies is extremely limited. This gap in knowledge originates from a methodological challenge, namely to connect histological changes in host tissues induced by beneficial and parasitic (micro)organisms to the underlying metabolites. We addressed this challenge and developed chemo-histo-tomography (CHEMHIST), a culture-independent approach to connect anatomic structure and metabolic function in millimeter-sized symbiotic animals. CHEMHIST combines chemical imaging of metabolites based on mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and microanatomy-based micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT) on the same animal. Both high-resolution MSI and micro-CT allowed us to correlate the distribution of metabolites to the same animal's three-dimensional (3D) histology down to submicrometer resolutions. Our protocol is compatible with tissue-specific DNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization for the taxonomic identification and localization of the associated micro(organisms). Building CHEMHIST upon in situ imaging, we sampled an earthworm from its natural habitat and created an interactive 3D model of its physical and chemical interactions with bacteria and parasitic nematodes in its tissues. Combining MSI and micro-CT, we present a methodological groundwork for connecting metabolic and anatomic phenotypes of small symbiotic animals that often represent keystone species for ecosystem functioning.

Indexed as

Histological TechniquesX-Ray MicrotomographyAnimalsBacteriaHost-Parasite InteractionsImaging, Three-DimensionalMass SpectrometryOligochaetaSymbiosis3D reconstructionmetabolomicsmultimodal mass spectrometry imagingsymbiosisX-ray micro-CT imaging

Identifiers

PMID34183413
PMCPMC8300811
OpenAlexW3173619885

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.