Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34183380›Full record

ArticleImmunoHorizons2021

Sepsis, Cytokine Storms, and Immunopathology: The Divide between Neonates and Adults.

Kara G Greenfield, Vladimir P Badovinac, Thomas S Griffith, Kathryn A Knoop

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ImmunoHorizons, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Decoding Host-Pathogen Dynamics inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025
    Article
  5. Cytokine Storm Induction Linked to Multi-Organ Failure in Fatal Jellyfish Stings.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Structural Insights for β-Lactam Antibiotics.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2023
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kara G GreenfieldDepartment of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.ORCID 0000-0002-1315-5146
Vladimir P BadovinacInterdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.ORCID 0000-0003-3180-2439
Thomas S GriffithDepartment of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Kathryn A KnoopDepartment of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; knoop.kathryn@mayo.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-2007-3066
Mayo Clinic in Arizona · USUniversity of Iowa · USUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

Memory CD8 T cell localization and protection from influenzaR01AI114543 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI BADOVINAC, VLADIMIR P, HARTY, JOHN T · 2015 to 2024
$4.4M
CD4 T cell dysregulation and reprogramming in sepsisR35GM140881 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Thomas S Griffith · 2021 to 2026
$2.4M
Cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling sepsis-induced immunoparalyses stateR35GM134880 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI BADOVINAC, VLADIMIR P · 2020 to 2024
$1.9M
Alterations in CD4 T cells during sepsisR01GM115462 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI GRIFFITH, THOMAS S · 2016 to 2019
$1.2M
GUT INFLUENCES ON IMMUNE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY LIFEK01DK109006 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI KNOOP, KATHRYN A · 2016 to 2020
$637k
Neonatal immune response to gut originating pathogensR21AI144721 · NIAID · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KNOOP, KATHRYN A · 2020 to 2021
$437k
Differentiation of pathogen-specific memory CD8 T cell responsesR21AI147064 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI BADOVINAC, VLADIMIR P · 2019 to 2020
$424k
Innate Immune Response Following Bacterial Translocation in Early LifeR03DK122187 · NIDDK · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KNOOP, KATHRYN A · 2020 to 2021
$239k
Using microbially-experienced mice to study the innate immune response in sepsisI01BX001324 · VA · MINNEAPOLIS VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI GRIFFITH, THOMAS S · 2013 to 2025
–
BLRD VA I01 BX001324NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI114543NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI144721NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI147064NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK109006NIDDK NIH HHS R03 DK122187NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM115462NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM134880NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM140881
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sepsis can result from a variety of pathogens, originating from a range of sources. A vast range of presenting symptoms is included in the catch-all term of "bacteremia," making diagnosis and prognosis particularly troublesome. One underexplored factor contributing to disparate outcomes is the age of the patient. Neonatal sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants can result in vastly different immunological outcomes unique from sepsis in adults. It is also becoming increasingly clear, both from preclinical experimental models and clinical observations, that the age and history of previous microbial exposures can significantly influence the course of infection from sepsis and cytokine storms to immunopathology. In this study, we will explore key differences between neonatal and adult sepsis, experimental models used to study sepsis, and how responses to the surrounding microbial universe shape development of the immune system and impact, positively or negatively, the course of disease.

Indexed as

AdultAge FactorsAnimalsCytokine Release SyndromeDisease Models, AnimalDisease ProgressionHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansInfant, NewbornSepsisSeverity of Illness Index

Identifiers

PMID34183380
PMCPMC8686527
OpenAlexW3173494778

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.