ArticleBMJ open2021
Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure among children under 5 years old: questionnaires versus cotinine biomarkers: a cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and blood pressure during childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Serum cotinine cut-points for secondhand smoke exposure assessment in children under 5 years: A systemic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Heroin assessment in Spanish population-based studies: a scoping review.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Article
- Salivary cotinine and S100A8/A9 levels in children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke: a case-control study.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2026Observational
- Biomarker-questionnaire discordance in secondhand smoke exposure among Korean children: A secondary analysis of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey, 2016-2017 and 2019-2020.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Phthalates and bisphenols early-life exposure, and childhood allergic conditions: a pooled analysis of cohort studies.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Decreased cigarette smoking may partially explain the increased prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in the United States.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- The Interplay of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Mediterranean Diet in Association With the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Urinary anatalline and nicotelline cut-points to distinguish between exclusive and dual use of tobacco products.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2024Article
- A Comparison of Measured Airborne and Self-Reported Secondhand Smoke Exposure in the MADRES Pregnancy Cohort Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Assessment of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in Spain: A scoping review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Tobacco smoke induces oxidative stress and alters pro-inflammatory cytokines and some trace elements in healthy indoor cats.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2023Article
- Concordance assessment through comparison with urine cotinine: Does self-report adequately reflect passive smoking?Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Pre- and postnatal exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and body composition at 12 years: periods of susceptibility.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesCotinine is the gold standard to estimate prevalence of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure, and assay limit of detection (LOD) cut-points are typically used regardless of age. Our aim was to compare the concordance between mother-reported SHS exposure and serum cotinine categorising children as exposed with the assay LOD or age-specific cut-points.
designData from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort.
settingHospital or participants' homes.
participants389 pregnant women aged 18 years and older, between 13 and 19 weeks of gestation, living in a five-county region of the Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan area, and with follow-up on their children at birth and ages 12, 24, 36 and 48 months. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Children's serum cotinine, mother-reported active smoking and SHS exposure were available at birth and during follow-up visits. We used Cohen's kappa index to assess concordance between maternal self-report and child's serum cotinine concentrations. We estimated optimal age-specific cut-points, their sensitivity-specificity and positive-negative predictive values with receiver operating characteristic curves.
resultsSelf-reported exposure and cotinine data were available for 280 women who gave birth to singleton child. When applying the assay LOD (0.015 ng/mL), concordance between maternal report and serum cotinine, without accounting for age, was below 0.23 at all times. When using age-specific cut-points (12 months: 0.11 ng/mL; 24 months: 0.08 ng/mL; 36 months: 0.05 ng/mL and 48 months: 0.04 ng/mL), concordance improved, being low at 12 months (0.39), moderate at 24 and 36 months (0.47 and 0.43) and high at 48 months (0.62).
conclusionsConcordance between mother-reported SHS exposure among children under 5 years and serum cotinine improved considerably after applying the cohort-specific and age-specific cut-points. Future studies are necessary to verify these results.
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