Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34182465›Full record

ReviewIn vivo (Athens, Greece)

Osteoid Osteoma: An Updated Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Radiological Features, and Treatment Option.

Kostas Tepelenis, Georgios P Skandalakis, Georgios Papathanakos, Maria Alexandra Kefala, Aikaterini Kitsouli, Alexandra Barbouti, Nikolaos Tepelenis, Dimitrios Varvarousis, Konstantinos Vlachos, Panagiotis Kanavaros and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in In vivo (Athens, Greece). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Intraosseous tumours of the knee.Skeletal radiology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Unusual Presentation of Spinal Osteoid Osteoma: A Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kostas TepelenisDepartment of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; kostastepelenis@gmail.com.
Georgios P SkandalakisDepartment of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, U.S.A.
Georgios PapathanakosIntensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Maria Alexandra KefalaUniversity of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Aikaterini KitsouliUniversity of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Alexandra BarboutiAnatomy - Histology - Embryology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Nikolaos TepelenisDepartment of Pathology, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Dimitrios VarvarousisUniversity of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Konstantinos VlachosDepartment of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Panagiotis KanavarosAnatomy - Histology - Embryology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Panagiotis KitsoulisAnatomy - Histology - Embryology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Osteoid osteoma, the third most common benign bone tumor, usually occurs in the cortex of long bones. It consists of a radiolucent nidus surrounded by reactive osteosclerosis. Generally, osteoid osteoma affects young males. Nocturnal pain that eases with salicylates or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is the typical clinical presentation. Sometimes, it remains undiagnosed for a long time. Plain radiography and computed tomography are usually sufficient for the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. Initial treatment includes salicylates and NSAID because the tumor often regresses spontaneously over 2-6 years. Surgical treatment is indicated in case of unresponsive pain to medical therapy, no tolerance of prolonged NSAID therapy due to side effects, and no willingness to activity limitations. Nowadays, minimally invasive techniques have replaced open surgery and are considered the gold standard of surgical treatment. Although cryoablation seems superior in terms of the nerve damage and immunotherapy effect, radiofrequency ablation is the preferred technique.

Indexed as

Bone NeoplasmsOsteoma, OsteoidBone and BonesHumansMaleRadiographyTomography, X-Ray Computeden-bloc resectionimagingmedical therapypercutaneous ablationreviewΟsteoid osteoma

Identifiers

PMID34182465
PMCPMC8286494

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.