Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34182371›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021

Central white matter integrity alterations in 2-3-year-old children following prenatal alcohol exposure.

Annerine Roos, Catherine J Wedderburn, Jean-Paul Fouche, Sivenesi Subramoney, Shantanu H Joshi, Roger P Woods, Heather J Zar, Katherine L Narr, Dan J Stein, Kirsten A Donald

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Annerine RoosSAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: aroos@sun.ac.za.
Catherine J WedderburnDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Jean-Paul FoucheNeuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Sivenesi SubramoneyDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Shantanu H JoshiDepartments of Neurology and of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Roger P WoodsDepartments of Neurology and of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Heather J ZarDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Katherine L NarrDepartments of Neurology and of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Dan J SteinSAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Kirsten A DonaldDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
University of Cape Town · ZAUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USSouth African Medical Research Council · ZA

Funding

Cross-Cultural Assessment of FASDU24AA014811 · NIAAA · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI EDWARD P RILEY · 2003 to 2026
$13.1M
A neuroimaging study of 2 year old children with alcohol exposure compared to healthy unexposed controls embedded in a birth cohort studyR21AA023887 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI DONALD, KIRSTY · 2016 to 2017
$280k
NIAAA NIH HHS R21 AA023887NIAAA NIH HHS U24 AA014811Wellcome Trust 203525/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) remains a potentially preventable, but pervasive risk factor to neurodevelopment. Yet, evidence is lacking on the impact of alcohol on brain development in toddlers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PAE on brain white matter integrity in 2-3-year-old children.

methodsChildren (n = 83, 30-37 months old) of the Drakenstein Child Health Study birth cohort, underwent diffusion MRI on a 3 T Siemens scanner during natural sleep. Parameters were extracted in children with PAE (n = 25, 56 % boys) and unexposed controls (n = 58, 62 % boys) using Tract-based Spatial Statistics, and compared by group. The contribution of maternal tobacco smoking to white matter differences was also explored.

resultsChildren with PAE had altered fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity in brain stem, limbic and association tracts compared to unexposed controls. Notably lower fractional anisotropy was found in the uncinate fasciculus, and lower mean and radial diffusivity were found in the fornix stria terminalis and corticospinal tract (FDR corrected p < 0.05). There was a significant interaction effect of PAE and prenatal tobacco exposure which lowered mean, radial and axial diffusivity in the corticospinal tract significantly in the PAE group but not controls.

conclusionWidespread altered white matter microstructural integrity at 2-3 years of age is consistent with findings in neonates in the same and other cohorts, indicating persistence of effects of PAE through early life. Findings also highlight that prenatal tobacco exposure impacts the association of PAE on white matter alterations, amplifying effects in tracts underlying motor function.

Indexed as

Prenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsWhite MatterAnisotropyBrainChild, PreschoolDiffusion Tensor ImagingFemaleHumansMaleNerve NetPregnancyDevelopmentPrenatal alcohol exposurePrenatal tobacco exposureWhite matter integrity

Identifiers

PMID34182371
PMCPMC8299546
OpenAlexW3174503243

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.