Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34181805›Full record

ArticleCancer science2021

The Warburg effect as a therapeutic target for bladder cancers and intratumoral heterogeneity in associated molecular targets.

Julie E Burns, Carolyn D Hurst, Margaret A Knowles, Roger M Phillips, Simon J Allison

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
8.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Lactate Metabolism and Protein Lactylation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Julie E BurnsLeeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James' University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Carolyn D HurstLeeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James' University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Margaret A KnowlesLeeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James' University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Roger M PhillipsSchool of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
Simon J AllisonLeeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James' University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-2377
University of Leeds · GBUniversity of Huddersfield · GB

Funding

University of HuddersfieldYorkshire Cancer Research pump priming grant BPP028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bladder cancer is the 10th most common cancer worldwide. For muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), treatment includes radical cystectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy; however, the outcome is generally poor. For non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), tumor recurrence is common. There is an urgent need for more effective and less harmful therapeutic approaches. Here, bladder cancer cell metabolic reprogramming to rely on aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) and expression of associated molecular therapeutic targets by bladder cancer cells of different stages and grades, and in freshly resected clinical tissue, is investigated. Importantly, analyses indicate that the Warburg effect is a feature of both NMIBCs and MIBCs. In two in vitro inducible epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) bladder cancer models, EMT stimulation correlated with increased lactate production, the end product of aerobic glycolysis. Protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), which promotes pyruvate enzymatic reduction to lactate, were higher in most bladder cancer cell lines (compared with LDH-B, which catalyzes the reverse reaction), but the levels did not closely correlate with aerobic glycolysis rates. Although LDH-A is expressed in normal urothelial cells, LDH-A knockdown by RNAi selectively induced urothelial cancer cell apoptotic death, whereas normal cells were unaffected-identifying LDH-A as a cancer-selective therapeutic target for bladder cancers. LDH-A and other potential therapeutic targets (MCT4 and GLUT1) were expressed in patient clinical specimens; however, positive staining varied in different areas of sections and with distance from a blood vessel. This intratumoral heterogeneity has important therapeutic implications and indicates the possibility of tumor cell metabolic coupling.

Indexed as

TranscriptomeWarburg Effect, OncologicApoptosisCell Line, TumorEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionGene Knockdown TechniquesHumansIsoenzymesLactic AcidL-Lactate DehydrogenaseMolecular Targeted TherapyNeoplasm StagingRNA InterferenceSirtuin 1TransfectionUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsIsoenzymeslactate dehydrogenase 1Lactic AcidLDHA protein, humanL-Lactate DehydrogenaseSIRT1 protein, humanSirtuin 1epithelial-mesenchymal transitionintratumoral heterogeneitylactate dehydrogenase Anon-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancersWarburg effect

Identifiers

PMID34181805
PMCPMC8409428
OpenAlexW3176141305

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.