SynthesisPloS one2021
Predictors of mortality in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Nurse case management to improve multidrug-resistant TB: a cluster-randomised trial.IJTLD open · 2026Article
- Ag(I) complexes with natural products and triphenylphosphine: activity against tumor cell lines and mycobacterium tuberculosis.Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · 2026Article
- Risk factors for treatment failure of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: results from a two-decade data analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Profile of Priority Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens and the Behavior of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Santiago de Cali District, Colombia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Predictors of mortality in CNS tuberculosis: clinical and radiological parameters.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Pattern and predictors of drug resistance and treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients at the centers of programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Lahore, Pakistan.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics Associated with Treatment Outcomes Among Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Limpopo Province.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Spatial Analysis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Colombia (2020-2023): Departmental Rates, Clusters, and Associated Factors.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Whole genome sequencing-based detection of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis from Ethiopia.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- High Rates of Mortality During Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Among Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus and Low Body Mass Index.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Sex-related absolute inequalities in tuberculosis incidence in 47 countries in Africa.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Within-host population dynamics of extensively drug-resistantEvolution, medicine, and public health · 2025Article
- Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Study of Patients' Characteristics in Selected Healthcare Facilities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Survival Probability in Multidrug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in a South Indian Region.Hospital pharmacy · 2024Article
- Timing and predictors of death during treatment in patients with multidrug/rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in South Korea.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2024Article
- Plant antibacterials: The challenges and opportunities.Heliyon · 2024Review
- The clinical profile and outcomes of drug resistant tuberculosis in Central Province of Zambia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEven though the lives of millions have been saved in the past decades, the mortality rate in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis is still high. Different factors are associated with this mortality. However, there is no comprehensive global report addressing these risk factors. This study aimed to determine the predictors of mortality using data generated at the global level.
methodsWe systematically searched five electronic major databases (PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science), and other sources (Google Scholar, Google). We used the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools to assess the quality of included articles. Heterogeneity assessment was conducted using the forest plot and I2 heterogeneity test. Data were analyzed using STATA Version 15. The pooled hazard ratio, risk ratio, and odd's ratio were estimated along with their 95% CIs.
resultAfter reviewing 640 articles, 49 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The predictors of mortality were; being male (HR = 1.25,95%CI;1.08,1.41,I2;30.5%), older age (HR = 2.13, 95%CI;1.64,2.62,I2;59.0%,RR = 1.40,95%CI; 1.26, 1.53, I2; 48.4%) including a 1 year increase in age (HR = 1.01, 95%CI;1.00,1.03,I2;73.0%), undernutrition (HR = 1.62,95%CI;1.28,1.97,I2;87.2%, RR = 3.13, 95% CI; 2.17,4.09, I2;0.0%), presence of any type of co-morbidity (HR = 1.92,95%CI;1.50-2.33,I2;61.4%, RR = 1.61, 95%CI;1.29, 1.93,I2;0.0%), having diabetes (HR = 1.74, 95%CI; 1.24,2.24, I2;37.3%, RR = 1.60, 95%CI;1.13,2.07, I2;0.0%), HIV co-infection (HR = 2.15, 95%CI;1.69,2.61, I2; 48.2%, RR = 1.49, 95%CI;1.27,1.72, I2;19.5%), TB history (HR = 1.30,95%CI;1.06,1.54, I2;64.6%), previous second-line anti-TB treatment (HR = 2.52, 95% CI;2.15,2.88, I2;0.0%), being smear positive at the baseline (HR = 1.45, 95%CI;1.14,1.76, I2;49.2%, RR = 1.58,95%CI;1.46,1.69, I2;48.7%), having XDR-TB (HR = 2.01, 95%CI;1.50,2.52, I2;60.8%, RR = 2.44, 95%CI;2.16,2.73,I2;46.1%), and any type of clinical complication (HR = 2.98, 95%CI; 2.32, 3.64, I2; 69.9%). There are differences and overlaps of predictors of mortality across different drug-resistance categories. The common predictors of mortality among different drug-resistance categories include; older age, presence of any type of co-morbidity, and undernutrition.
conclusionDifferent patient-related demographic (male sex, older age), and clinical factors (undernutrition, HIV co-infection, co-morbidity, diabetes, clinical complications, TB history, previous second-line anti-TB treatment, smear-positive TB, and XDR-TB) were the predictors of mortality in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis. The findings would be an important input to the global community to take important measures.
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