Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34181229›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2021

Pharmaceuticals in source waters of 95 First Nations in Canada.

Harold Schwartz, Lesya Marushka, Hing Man Chan, Malek Batal, Tonio Sadik, Amy Ing, Karen Fediuk, Constantine Tikhonov

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Comparing Environmental Policies to Reduce Pharmaceutical Pollution and Address Disparities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  8. Article
  9. The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008-2018)-rationale, design, methods and lessons learned.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Harold SchwartzFirst Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB), Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Lesya MarushkaFirst Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB), Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Hing Man ChanDepartment of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
Malek BatalDépartement de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Liliane de Stewart, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada.
Tonio SadikAssembly of First Nations, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1600, Ottawa, ON, K1P 6L5, Canada.
Amy IngDepartment of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
Karen FediukCentre de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSS du Centre-sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CReSP), 7101 avenue du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X7, QC, Canada.
Constantine TikhonovFirst Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB), Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. constantine.tikhonov@canada.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-5786-7209
Assembly of First Nations · CACentre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal · CAIndigenous Services CanadaUniversity of Ottawa · CA

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants in the environment. Little has been published about the presence of pharmaceuticals in waterbodies nearby or on reserve land of First Nations in Canada. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the level of pharmaceuticals in First Nations' surface waters, (2) calculate the human health risks of the mixtures found, and (3) measure the exposure to pharmaceuticals in First Nations' drinking water where source water was highly contaminated.

methodsThis participatory study measured the levels of 43 pharmaceuticals from surface water samples taken at three water sampling sites chosen by the 95 participating First Nations. The sites were in proximity to recreational areas, fishing areas, drinking water sources, and/or wastewater outflows. When elevated levels of pharmaceutical mixtures were found in samples, drinking water samples were obtained and analyzed for potential pharmaceuticals. Human health risks were calculated by an established protocol.

resultsIn total, 432 samples were collected at 302 water sampling sites (285 surface water, 11 drinking water, and 6 wastewater sites). Quantifiable levels of 35 pharmaceuticals were found in 79 of the 95 (83%) participating First Nations at 193 of the 285 surface water sites (68%). Overall, the levels found were comparable to or lower than those found in other studies in Canada and worldwide.

conclusionIn almost all participating First Nations, there is no human health risk from consuming surface water for drinking. However, surface water in the vicinity of major urban centres should not be used as secondary untreated water sources due to the elevated human health risk associated with exposure to the mixtures of multiple pharmaceuticals detected.

Indexed as

Indigenous CanadiansPharmaceutical PreparationsWater Pollutants, ChemicalCanadaEnvironmental MonitoringHumansPharmaceutical PreparationsWater Pollutants, ChemicalFirst NationsHuman health riskPharmaceuticalsSurface water

Identifiers

PMID34181229
PMCPMC8239108
OpenAlexW3175137417

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.