ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Hormone Levels During the Menopausal Transition.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between pollutants, the regularity of daily sex hormone patterns, and hormone profiles over a complete menstrual cycle.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- PFOS Impairs Cognitive Function in Female Rats by Disrupting Astrocyte-Derived Estrogen-ERβ-NDRG2 Signaling Axis.Toxics · 2026Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and menstrual cycle characteristics in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Investigating ovarian effects of perfluorooctanoic acid in postpubertal pigs during thermal neutral and heat stress conditions.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Associations Between PFAS Exposure and HPG Axis Hormones in U.S. Women.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Endocrine disrupting chemicals and female sexual health: An emerging research priority.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Circulating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of pancreatic cancer: A nested case-control study within the NYU Women's health study.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Article
- Circulating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and liver cancer risk: a nested case-control analysis of individual participant data from 12 prospective cohorts.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Associations of maternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance plasma concentrations during pregnancy with offspring polycystic ovary syndrome and related characteristics in project viva.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and female sexual function in a preconception cohort.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Adolescent exposure to a mixture of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) depletes the ovarian reserve, increases ovarian fibrosis, and alters the Hippo pathway in adult female mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- An environmentally relevant mixture of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) impacts proliferation, steroid hormone synthesis, and gene transcription in primary human granulosa cells.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Review
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Lipid Trajectories in Women 45-56 Years of Age: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Associations Between Repeated Measures of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites With Hormones and Timing of Natural Menopause.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Isomer-Specific Serum Concentrations of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid among U.S. Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study (SWAN-MPS).Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Promotes the Development of Endometrial CancerInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Incident Hypertension in Multi-Racial/Ethnic Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Article
- Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Incident Natural Menopause in Midlife Women: The Mediating Role of Sex Hormones.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread chemicals that may affect sex hormones and accelerate reproductive aging in midlife women.
objectiveTo examine associations between serum PFAS concentrations at baseline (1999-2000) and longitudinal serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) at baseline and through 2015-2016.
designProspective cohort.
settingGeneral community.
participants1371 midlife women 45 to 56 years of age at baseline in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): FSH, estradiol, testosterone, SHBG.
resultsIn linear mixed models fitted with log-transformed hormones and log-transformed PFAS adjusting for age, site, race/ethnicity, smoking status, menopausal status, parity, and body mass index, FSH was positively associated with linear perfluorooctanoate [n-PFOA; 3.12% (95% CI 0.37%, 5.95%) increase for a doubling in serum concentration), linear perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS; 2.88% (0.21%, 5.63%)], branched perfluorooctane sulfonate [2.25% (0.02%, 4.54%)], total PFOS (3.03% (0.37%, 5.76%)), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate [EtFOSAA; 1.70% (0.01%, 3.42%)]. Estradiol was inversely associated with perfluorononanoate [PFNA; -2.47% (-4.82%, -0.05%)) and n-PFOA (-2.43% (-4.97%, 0.18%)]. Significant linear trends were observed in the associations between PFOS and EtFOSAA with SHBG across parity (Ps trend ≤ 0.01), with generally inverse associations among nulliparous women but positive associations among women with 3+ births. No significant associations were observed between PFAS and testosterone.
conclusionsThis study observed positive associations of PFOA and PFOS with FSH and inverse associations of PFNA and PFOA with estradiol in midlife women during the menopausal transition, consistent with findings that PFAS affect reproductive aging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.