Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34180990›Full record

ReviewILAR journal2021

Mouse Anesthesia: The Art and Science.

Kaela L Navarro, Monika Huss, Jennifer C Smith, Patrick Sharp, James O Marx, Cholawat Pacharinsak

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in ILAR journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. C3Journal of translational medicine · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Hypnotic Effects ofNutrients · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Assessing health in aging male and female mice: does cardiac function dictate frailty or physical resilience?The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Article
  12. Port of Choice: Induction Chamber Inlet Position Affects Speed of Isoflurane Induction in Mice.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Spontaneous CaExperimental physiology · 2026
    Article
  17. Acepromazine Reduces Airway Contraction in a Murine Model of Asthma.Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology · 2026
    Article
  18. Standardizing Perioperative Heat to Improve Mouse (Mus musculus) Recovery.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Tissue-specific untargetedFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026
    Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kaela L NavarroDepartment of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Monika HussDepartment of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Jennifer C SmithBioresources Department, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Patrick SharpOffice of Research and Economic Development, University of California, Merced, California, USA.
James O MarxDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Cholawat PacharinsakDepartment of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is an art and science to performing mouse anesthesia, which is a significant component to animal research. Frequently, anesthesia is one vital step of many over the course of a research project spanning weeks, months, or beyond. It is critical to perform anesthesia according to the approved research protocol using appropriately handled and administered pharmaceutical-grade compounds whenever possible. Sufficient documentation of the anesthetic event and procedure should also be performed to meet the legal, ethical, and research reproducibility obligations. However, this regulatory and documentation process may lead to the use of a few possibly oversimplified anesthetic protocols used for mouse procedures and anesthesia. Although a frequently used anesthetic protocol may work perfectly for each mouse anesthetized, sometimes unexpected complications will arise, and quick adjustments to the anesthetic depth and support provided will be required. As an old saying goes, anesthesia is 99% boredom and 1% sheer terror. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the science of mouse anesthesia together with the art of applying these anesthetic techniques to provide readers with the knowledge needed for successful anesthetic procedures. The authors include experiences in mouse inhalant and injectable anesthesia, peri-anesthetic monitoring, specific procedures, and treating common complications. This article utilizes key points for easy access of important messages and authors' recommendation based on the authors' clinical experiences.

Indexed as

AnesthesiaAnestheticsAnimal ExperimentationAnimalsMiceReproducibility of ResultsAnestheticsanesthesiaanimal researchanimal welfareMus musculusrefinement

Identifiers

PMID34180990
PMCPMC9236661

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.