ReviewDrug delivery2021
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere production based on quality by design: a review.
Review in Drug delivery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hydrogel-Based Depot Systems in Psychiatric Pharmacotherapy: A Narrative Review Rethinking Long-Acting Drug Delivery.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- On-demand design of controlled-release systems using an expert-mimic AI framework.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Microfluidic Production of Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Microparticles: Dynamic Solvent Extraction Improves Process Robustness During the Droplet-to-Particle Transition.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Formulation Screening and Characterization of PLGA-Based Injectable In Situ Gel Loaded with Progesterone.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Smart functionalized cartilage repair microspheres: Concepts and applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Impact of Using Blended Polymers on the Structural and Functional Attributes of Eptifibatide-Loaded Microspheres.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Liposome-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Mechanisms, Preparation Strategies, Clinical Status, and Therapeutic Applications.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Hydrogels for Bone Repair: Construction Strategies and Applications.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a static multiple light scattering (SMLS) method for real-time colloidal stability assessment in nanoparticle formulations.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Multifunctional Porous Microshuttles as Scaffolding Components and Carriers of Bioactive Factors in Self-Assembled Microtissues.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Span Value as a Critical Quality Attribute for PLGA Microspheres: Controlling Burst Release and Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy via Wet Sieving.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Antithrombotic Polymers: A Narrative Review on Current and Future Strategies for Their Design, Synthesis, and Application.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Emodin-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Therapeutic Applications in Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Natural Polymers Based Biocompatible Nanomedicines for Targeting Colon Cancer: Prospects and Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- PLGA-Based Co-Delivery Nanoformulations: Overview, Strategies, and Recent Advances.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Development and Antitumor Evaluation of Doxorubicin-Loaded Two-Layered Sheets for Local Chemotherapy via Direct Drug Application to the Tumor Surface.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- UltrafastMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Colistin and Oxyclozanide co-loaded PLGA nano-microspheres to reverse colistin resistance can effectively treat colistin-resistantInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
- Tailoring the Release of Paclitaxel from Electrospun Nonwovens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Enhanced Efficiency of the Microsomal Prostaglandin EMolecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has garnered increasing attention as a candidate drug delivery polymer owing to its favorable properties, including its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and mechanical strength. PLAG are specifically used as microspheres for the sustained/controlled and targeted delivery of hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs, as well as biological therapeutic macromolecules, including peptide and protein drugs. PLGAs with different molecular weights, lactic acid (LA)/glycolic acid (GA) ratios, and end groups exhibit unique release characteristics, which is beneficial for obtaining diverse therapeutic effects. This review aims to analyze the composition of PLGA microspheres, and understand the manufacturing process involved in their production, from a quality by design perspective. Additionally, the key factors affecting PLGA microsphere development are explored as well as the principles involved in the synthesis and degradation of PLGA and its interaction with active drugs. Further, the effects elicited by microcosmic conditions on PLGA macroscopic properties, are analyzed. These conditions include variations in the organic phase (organic solvent, PLGA, and drug concentration), continuous phase (emulsifying ability), emulsifying stage (organic phase and continuous phase interaction, homogenization parameters), and solidification process (relationship between solvent volatilization rate and curing conditions). The challenges in achieving consistency between batches during manufacturing are addressed, and continuous production is discussed as a potential solution. Finally, potential critical quality attributes are introduced, which may facilitate the optimization of process parameters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.