Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34180594›Full record

ReviewMicrobiologyOpen2021

Environmental hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes.

Shalini Kunhikannan, Colleen J Thomas, Ashley E Franks, Sumana Mahadevaiah, Sumana Kumar, Steve Petrovski

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in MicrobiologyOpen, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 145 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Antibiotic resistance dissemination in soil ecosystems: deep understanding for effective management and global health protection.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Global High-RiskInternational journal of microbiology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Antimicrobial resistance ofVeterinary world · 2025
    Article
  15. Novel Antibacterial Approaches and Therapeutic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Shalini KunhikannanDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic, Australia.
Colleen J ThomasDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic, Australia.
Ashley E FranksDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic, Australia.
Sumana MahadevaiahDepartment of Microbiology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysuru, India.
Sumana KumarDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India.
Steve PetrovskiDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6304-6853
La Trobe University · AUJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research · INJSS Medical College and Hospital · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial resistance toward broad-spectrum antibiotics has become a major concern in recent years. The threat posed by the infectious bacteria and the pace with which resistance determinants are transmitted needs to be deciphered. Soil and water contain unique and diverse microbial communities as well as pools of naturally occurring antibiotics resistant genes. Overuse of antibiotics along with poor sanitary practices expose these indigenous microbial communities to antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria and accelerate the process of acquisition and dissemination. Clinical settings, where most antibiotics are prescribed, are hypothesized to serve as a major hotspot. The predisposition of the surrounding environments to a pool of antibiotic-resistant bacteria facilitates rapid antibiotic resistance among the indigenous microbiota in the soil, water, and clinical environments via horizontal gene transfer. This provides favorable conditions for the development of more multidrug-resistant pathogens. Limitations in detecting gene transfer mechanisms have likely left us underestimating the role played by the surrounding environmental hotspots in the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review aims to identify the major drivers responsible for the spread of antibiotic resistance and hotspots responsible for the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialEnvironmental MicrobiologyAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaBacterial ProteinsGene Transfer, HorizontalAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial Proteinsantibiotic resistance genesantimicrobial resistanceclinical settingsenvironmental hotspots

Identifiers

PMID34180594
PMCPMC8123917
OpenAlexW3161680984

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.