Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34180420›Full record

ReviewJournal of neuromuscular diseases2021

Exon-Skipping in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Shin'ichi Takeda, Paula R Clemens, Eric P Hoffman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuromuscular diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed.

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  10. Dose- and genotype-dependent cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death in rats following microdystrophin gene therapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
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  17. Effect of mAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Shin'ichi TakedaHonorary Director General, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan.
Paula R ClemensProfessor and Vice Chair of VA Affairs, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division Chief, Neurology, Medical Service Line, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Eric P HoffmanProfessor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating, rare disease. While clinically described in the 19th century, the genetic foundation of DMD was not discovered until more than 100 years later. This genetic understanding opened the door to the development of genetic treatments for DMD. Over the course of the last 30 years, the research that supports this development has moved into the realm of clinical trials and regulatory drug approvals. Exon skipping to therapeutically restore the frame of an out-of-frame dystrophin mutation has taken center stage in drug development for DMD. The research reviewed here focuses on the clinical development of exon skipping for the treatment of DMD. In addition to the generation of clinical treatments that are being used for patient care, this research sets the stage for future therapeutic development with a focus on increasing efficacy while providing safety and addressing the multi-systemic aspects of DMD.

Indexed as

DystrophinExonsGenetic TherapyHumansMuscular Dystrophy, DuchenneMutationOligonucleotides, AntisenseDMD protein, humanDystrophinOligonucleotides, Antisense

Identifiers

PMID34180420
PMCPMC8673534

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.