ArticleIBRO neuroscience reports2021
Cortical structural changes related to early antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption in perinatally HIV-infected children at 5 years of age.
Article in IBRO neuroscience reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between Neuroimaging Measures and Cognitive Performance in Children, Adolescents, and Youth Living With HIV-a Systematic Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Pooled it
- Reduced bilateral auditory cortex activation during pure-tone perception in pediatric HIV.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Characteristics of cortical thickness in treated HIV-infected individuals with and without cognitive impairment.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Analytical treatment interruption in children living with HIV: position statement from the EPIICAL consortium.The lancet. HIV · 2024Review
- Reduced white matter maturation in the central auditory system of children living with HIV.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2024Article
- Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls.BMC neuroscience · 2023Article
- Multimodal magnetic resonance neuroimaging measures characteristic of early cART-treated pediatric HIV: A feature selection approach.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Altered White Matter Tracts in the Somatosensory, Salience, Motor, and Default Mode Networks in 7-Year-Old Children Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Tractographic Analysis.Brain connectivity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
ART interruption in children can occur especially in resource-limited settings for reasons including poor adherence, stock-outs, ART intolerance of non-pediatric formulas and pill size, as well as ultimately to test for HIV remission. Although early ART initiation is now standard of care in pediatric HIV management, very little is known on the effect of early ART initiation or subsequent interruption on brain development. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ART interruption on brain cortical thickness (CT) and folding in a subset of children from the Children with HIV Early antiRetroviral therapy (CHER) trial cohort who all started ART before 18 months of age. CHER participants in the neuroimaging follow-up study had magnetic resonance (MRI) scans on a 3T Siemens Allegra brain scanner at age 5.44 ± 0.37 years. MR images were processed using the automated cross-sectional stream in FreeSurfer v6.0 and vertex wise comparisons of CT and local gyrification indices (LGIs) were performed between HIV+ children and HIV- controls, as well as between HIV+ children on interrupted or continuous ART and controls. HIV+ children (n = 46) showed thicker cortex than HIV- children (n = 29) in bilateral frontal and left temporo-insular regions but lower LGIs in left superior and bilateral medial orbitofrontal cortex extending into rostral anterior cingulate. Children on interrupted ART (n = 21) had thicker cortex than HIV- controls in left frontal and right insular regions, but children on continuous treatment (n = 25) showed no difference from controls. Children on both interrupted and continuous ART showed region-specific alterations in LGI relative to controls. Cortical folding appears more sensitive than CT to early life events including early ART and interruption. However, immune health resilience in children can translate to long term preservation of morphometric brain development, especially for those on early and continuous treatment.
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