Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34179736›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2021

Remote home monitoring (virtual wards) for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients: a rapid systematic review.

Cecilia Vindrola-Padros, Kelly E Singh, Manbinder S Sidhu, Theo Georghiou, Chris Sherlaw-Johnson, Sonila M Tomini, Matthew Inada-Kim, Karen Kirkham, Allison Streetly, Nathan Cohen and 1 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07166653 (Nordic Digital Health Education as an Implementation Tool for Hospital-at-home - Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07166653 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Nordic Digital Health Education as an Implementation Tool for Hospital-at-home - Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorNordsjaellands HospitalRan2025 to 2026Enrolled14ConditionsHospitalArmsHaH education
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Barriers and facilitators to the use of virtual wards: a systematic review of the qualitative evidence.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2025
    Pooled it
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  3. Admission avoidance hospital at home.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
    Pooled it
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18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Cecilia Vindrola-PadrosDepartment of Targeted Intervention, University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TY, United Kingdom.
Kelly E SinghHealth Services Management Centre, School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Park House, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2RT, UK.
Manbinder S SidhuHealth Services Management Centre, School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Park House, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2RT, UK.
Theo GeorghiouNuffield Trust, 59 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7LP, UK.
Chris Sherlaw-JohnsonNuffield Trust, 59 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7LP, UK.
Sonila M TominiDepartment of Applied Health Research, University College London, Gower Street London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Matthew Inada-KimWessex Academic Health and Science Network, National COVID Clinical Reference groups- Primary care, Secondary care, Care homes, National Clinical Lead Deterioration and National Specialist Advisor Sepsis, NHS England and NHS Improvement, McGill ward, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Romsey Road, Winchester SO21 1QW, UK.
Karen KirkhamIntegrated Care System Clinical Lead, NHSE/I Senior Medical Advisor Primary Care Transformation, Dorset CCG, Vespasian House, Barrack Rd, Dorchester DT1 7TG, UK.
Allison StreetlyDepartment of Population Health Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London SE1 1UL, UK.
Nathan CohenUniversity College London, UK.
Naomi J FulopDepartment of Applied Health Research, University College London, Gower Street London, WC1E 6BT, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundthe aim of this review was to analyze the implementation and impact of remote home monitoring models (virtual wards) for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients, identifying their main components, processes of implementation, target patient populations, impact on outcomes, costs and lessons learnt.

methodswe carried out a rapid systematic review on models led by primary and secondary care across seven countries (US, Australia, Canada, The Netherlands, Ireland, China, UK). The main outcomes included in the review were: impact of remote home monitoring on virtual length of stay, escalation, emergency department attendance/reattendance, admission/readmission and mortality. The search was updated on February 2021. We used the PRISMA statement and the review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD: 42020202888).

findingsthe review included 27 articles. The aim of the models was to maintain patients safe in the appropriate setting. Most models were led by secondary care and confirmation of COVID-19 was not required (in most cases). Monitoring was carried via online platforms, paper-based systems with telephone calls or (less frequently) through wearable sensors. Models based on phone calls were considered more inclusive. Patient/career training was identified as a determining factor of success. We could not reach substantive conclusions regarding patient safety and the identification of early deterioration due to lack of standardized reporting and missing data. Economic analysis was not reported for most of the models and did not go beyond reporting resources used and the amount spent per patient monitored.

interpretationfuture research should focus on staff and patient experiences of care and inequalities in patients' access to care. Attention needs to be paid to the cost-effectiveness of the models and their sustainability, evaluation of their impact on patient outcomes by using comparators, and the use of risk-stratification tools.

Indexed as

COVID-19Rapid systematic reviewRemote home monitoringSARS-CoV-2Silent hypoxiaVirtual wards

Identifiers

PMID34179736
PMCPMC8219406

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.