ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Engineered Cytokine Signaling to Improve CAR T Cell Effector Function.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the clinical landscape of multifunctional CAR T cells: Targets, trends, and synergies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiotoxicity of T cell immunotherapies.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- High-Precision Intrinsic Interactome Elucidation of Chimeric Antigen Receptors via Photocatalytic Micromapping (μMap-CAR).Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Claudin18.2 and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in gastric cancer: mechanistic insights and implications for combination immunotherapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Bi-functional anti-LAG-3-IL-2c enhances immune checkpoint inhibitor and CAR T-cell therapy for cancer.iScience · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-enhanced CAR-T therapy strategies in cancer, aging, and autoimmune diseases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming CD22 CAR-T cells in vivo using CD8-targeted mRNA-LNPs to treat hematological malignancies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Single-cell profiling of CD19-directed CAR T-cell phenotypes and immune system dynamics in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Impact of age on outcomes after CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphomas.Blood neoplasia · 2026Article
- CAR immune cell therapy strategies and advances for lung cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Optimizing next-generation CAR-macrophages against solid tumors: challenges and potential strategies.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Establishment of a serum-free culture system with an optimized 5-interleukin cytokine cocktail and insulin to promote preferential CD8⁺ T-cell expansion.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2026Article
- Synergistic Antitumor Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined With TROP2-CAR-T Cells in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Lung Adenocarcinoma.Thoracic cancer · 2026Article
- Emerging immune checkpoint targets and combination strategies in blood cancer immunotherapy.Annals of hematology · 2026Review
- Harnessing pyroptosis in breast cancer therapy: immunological mechanisms and emerging biomaterial strategies.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Microenvironmental regulation of solid tumour resistance to CAR T cell therapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Next-generation CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies in hematologic malignancies: engineering for persistence, specificity, and safety.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- The Pleiotropic Roles of Cytokines in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy.Cancer immunology research · 2026Review
- Engineering CAR-T cells for solid tumors: overcoming antigenic, trafficking, and microenvironmental barriers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- T cell immunotherapy for solid tumors: limitations, progress, and future prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a promising approach to improve outcomes for cancer patients. While CAR T cell therapy is effective for hematological malignancies, there is a need to improve the efficacy of this therapeutic approach for patients with solid tumors and brain tumors. At present, several approaches are being pursued to improve the antitumor activity of CAR T cells including i) targeting multiple antigens, ii) improving T cell expansion/persistence, iii) enhancing homing to tumor sites, and iv) rendering CAR T cells resistant to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Augmenting signal 3 of T cell activation by transgenic expression of cytokines or engineered cytokine receptors has emerged as a promising strategy since it not only improves CAR T cell expansion/persistence but also their ability to function in the immunosuppressive TME. In this review, we will provide an overview of cytokine biology and highlight genetic approaches that are actively being pursued to augment cytokine signaling in CAR T cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.