Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34177928›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021

Extracellular Vesicles in Immune System Regulation and Type 1 Diabetes: Cell-to-Cell Communication Mediators, Disease Biomarkers, and Promising Therapeutic Tools.

Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco, Daniela Fignani, Caterina Formichi, Laura Nigi, Giada Licata, Carla Maccora, Noemi Brusco, Guido Sebastiani, Francesco Dotta

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Giuseppina Emanuela GriecoDiabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Daniela FignaniDiabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Caterina FormichiDiabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Laura NigiDiabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Giada LicataDiabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Carla MaccoraDiabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Noemi BruscoDiabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Guido SebastianiDiabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Francesco DottaDiabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Fondazione Umberto Di Mario · ITUniversity of Siena · ITToscana Life Sciences · ITAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by cells of origin through complex molecular mechanisms and released into extracellular environment. Hence, the presence of EVs has been described in multiple biological fluids and in most cases their molecular cargo, which includes non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), messenger RNAs (mRNA), and proteins, has been reported to modulate distinct biological processes. EVs release and their molecular cargo have been demonstrated to be altered in multiple diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Notably, numerous evidence showed a relevant crosstalk between immune system and interacting cells through specific EVs release. The crosstalk between insulin-producing pancreatic β cells and immune system through EVs bidirectional trafficking has yet started to be deciphered, thus uncovering an intricate communication network underlying type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. EVs can also be found in blood plasma or serum. Indeed, the assessment of circulating EVs cargo has been shown as a promising advance in the detection of reliable biomarkers of disease progression. Of note, multiple studies showed several specific cargo alterations of EVs collected from plasma/serum of subjects affected by autoimmune diseases, including T1D subjects. In this review, we discuss the recent literature reporting evidence of EVs role in autoimmune diseases, specifically focusing on the bidirectional crosstalk between pancreatic β cells and immune system in T1D and highlight the relevant promising role of circulating EVs as disease biomarkers.

Indexed as

ImmunomodulationAutoimmune DiseasesAutoimmunityBiological TransportBiomarkersCell CommunicationDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Disease ManagementDisease SusceptibilityExosomesExtracellular VesiclesHomeostasisHumansImmune SystemInsulin-Secreting CellsBiomarkersautoimmunityexosomesextracellular vesiclesimmune regulationpancreatic isletstype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID34177928
PMCPMC8219977
OpenAlexW3169798504

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.