ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
T Follicular Regulatory Cells: Choreographers of Productive Germinal Center Responses.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Biomarkers in Prediction of High-Grade Transformation and Outcome in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Systemic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Regulation of follicular helper T cell subset differentiation in health and disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Neutrophils induce effective antibody responses to the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by inhibiting T regulatory cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- BCL6 in T cells promotes type 1 diabetes by redirecting fates of insulin-autoreactive B lymphocytes.iScience · 2026Article
- Germinal-centre and extrafollicular B cell pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Revealing tumor microenvironmental heterogeneity and prognostic value in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma via spatial transcriptome sequencing.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity within tertiary lymphoid structures.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Active Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immune Responses Are Shared among Patients with Progressive Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Emerging lipid nanoparticle systems capable of efficient intramuscular RNA delivery.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Development and consequences of red blood cell autoantibodies: warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- CXCR5 engineered human and murine Tregs for targeted suppression in secondary and tertiary lymphoid organs.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Regulatory T cell epitope content in human antibodies decreases during maturation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Interleukin-2 receptor signaling acts as a checkpoint that influences the distribution of regulatory T cell subsets.iScience · 2024Article
- Clinical and prognostic significance of follicular helper and regulatory T cells in bladder cancer draining lymph nodes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Continually recruited naïve T cells contribute to the follicular helper and regulatory T cell pools in germinal centers.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Effects of Probiotics in the Management of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Concerted Vision to Advance the Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Immune surveillance and humoral immune responses in kidney transplantation - A look back at T follicular helper cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T follicular regulatory cells, or Tfr cells, are a discernable population of regulatory T (Treg) cells that migrate to the B cell follicle and germinal center (GC) upon immune challenge. These cells express the transcription factor Bcl6, the master regulator required for development and differentiation of T follicular helper cells, and are among a group of previously described Treg cells that use T helper cell-associated transcription factors to adapt their regulatory function to diverse milieus for maintenance of immune homeostasis. While there is consensus that Tfr cells control B-cell autoreactivity, it has been unclear whether they regulate productive, antigen-specific GC responses. Accordingly, understanding the regulatory balancing that Tfr cells play in maintenance of B-cell tolerance while optimizing productive humoral immunity is crucial for vaccine-design strategies. To this end, we discuss recent evidence that Tfr cells promote humoral immunity and memory following viral infections, fitting with the accepted role of Treg cells in maintaining homeostasis with promotion of productive immunity, while mitigating that which is potentially pathological. We also propose models in which Tfr cells regulate antigen-specific B cell responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.