SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2021
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Possible Pathogenesis, and Management.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced thyroid dysfunction improves the prognosis of patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Combined diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: Underrecognized and underreported emergency in ICIs-DM.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Treatment-Related Adverse Events for Combination Therapy of Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterPooled it
- Pembrolizumab Dual Endocrine Toxicity in a Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patient.Cureus · 2026Article
- Association of basal thyroid function with clinical outcomes in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with PD-L1 inhibitor KL-A167: a multicenter post hoc analysis.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Cancer therapy-induced ototoxicity: Current challenges and emerging management strategies.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- A Treatment Decision Model for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Bayesian Networks.Cancers · 2026Article
- Iodine and Thyroid Dysfunction in Ageing: Nutritional, Pharmacologic, and Microbial Modifiers in Older Adults.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Case Report: Primed dendritic cell immunotherapy for multiple solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Post-CAR T-cell thyroid dysfunction: destructive thyroiditis identified through thyroid function monitoring in a single-center cohort.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Beyond Tumor Immunity: The Disruption of Endocrine and Infectious Homeostasis by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Disproportionality analysis and risk factor assessment of drug-associated thyroid dysfunction adverse events: a study based on the FAERS database.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Emerging Frontiers in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: From Targeted Molecules to Immunomodulatory Breakthroughs and Cell-Based Approaches.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Perioperative serplulimab‑based chemoimmunotherapy in stage IV large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: A case report.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Thyroid disorders induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.Endocrine · 2024Review
- IsCancers · 2024Review
- Review
- Advancing Cancer Treatment: Enhanced Combination Therapy through Functionalized Porous Nanoparticles.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Exploring the Relationship Between Gingivitis and Hypothyroidism in Children.Galen medical journal · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a group of drugs employed in the treatment of various types of malignant tumors and improve the therapeutic effect. ICIs blocks negative co-stimulatory molecules, such as programmed cell death gene-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), reactivating the recognition and killing effect of the immune system on tumors. However, the reactivation of the immune system can also lead to the death of normal organs, tissues, and cells, eventually leading to immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). IRAEs involve various organs and tissues and also cause thyroid dysfunction. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, possible pathogenesis, and management of ICIs-related thyroid dysfunction.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.