ArticleCurrent treatment options in neurology2020
Cerebral Edema in Traumatic Brain Injury: a Historical Framework for Current Therapy.
Article in Current treatment options in neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bilateral decompressive craniectomy in pediatric patients: A systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Neuronal Injury and Regeneration-Linked Gene Expression Dynamics in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Protein Predictors of Worsening Cerebral Edema in Traumatic Brain Injury in Critically Ill Patients.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Blood Glucose as a Prognostic Predictor of Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients That Underwent Surgical Intervention.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- Pathological changes and aquaporin-4 expression after bevacizumab treatment of traumatic penumbra in the rat brain.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Inflammation and the Development of Cerebral Ischaemia and Hypoxia in Traumatic Brain Injury-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Application of MicroRNAs in Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanism Elucidation and Clinical Translation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Spinal cord swelling and intradural compression predict neurological recovery after acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury.PloS one · 2025Article
- Decompressive craniectomy in children: a lifesaving neurosurgical procedure in traumatic cases.Neurosurgical review · 2024Article
- Non-pharmacological interventions for traumatic brain injury.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Review
- Role of regulatory non-coding RNAs in traumatic brain injury.Neurochemistry international · 2024Review
- Weight-Drop Method for Inducing Closed Head Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Reactive gliosis in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Context is key: glucocorticoid receptor and corticosteroid therapeutics in outcomes after traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Water channels in the brain and spinal cord-overview of the role of aquaporins in traumatic brain injury and traumatic spinal cord injury.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Glasgow Coma Scale Motor Score Predicts Need for Tracheostomy After Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury: What Have We Learned So Far?Biology · 2023Review
- Edema after CNS Trauma: A Focus on Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Assessment of factors influencing glymphatic activity and implications for clinical medicine.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- On Net Water Uptake in Posttraumatic Ischemia Foci.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewThe purposes of this narrative review are to (1) summarize a contemporary view of cerebral edema pathophysiology, (2) present a synopsis of current management strategies in the context of their historical roots (many of which date back multiple centuries), and (3) discuss contributions of key molecular pathways to overlapping edema endophenotypes. This may facilitate identification of important therapeutic targets. RECENT
findingsCerebral edema and resultant intracranial hypertension are major contributors to morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury. Although Starling forces are physical drivers of edema based on differences in intravascular vs extracellular hydrostatic and oncotic pressures, the molecular pathophysiology underlying cerebral edema is complex and remains incompletely understood. Current management protocols are guided by intracranial pressure measurements, an imperfect proxy for cerebral edema. These include decompressive craniectomy, external ventricular drainage, hyperosmolar therapy, hypothermia, and sedation. Results of contemporary clinical trials assessing these treatments are summarized, with an emphasis on the gap between intermediate measures of edema and meaningful clinical outcomes. This is followed by a brief statement summarizing the most recent guidelines from the Brain Trauma Foundation (4th edition). While many molecular mechanisms and networks contributing to cerebral edema after TBI are still being elucidated, we highlight some promising molecular mechanism-based targets based on recent research including SUR1-TRPM4, NKCC1, AQP4, and AVP1. SUMMARY: This review outlines the origins of our understanding of cerebral edema, chronicles the history behind many current treatment approaches, and discusses promising molecular mechanism-based targeted treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.