ArticleMicrobial cell factories2021
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for de novo production of 3-phenylpropanol via retrobiosynthesis approach.
Article in Microbial cell factories, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Direct valorization of agricultural byproducts to vanillin by a synergistic Komagataella phaffii co-culture system.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2026Article
- RetroRules 2026: an expanded database combining biochemical and organic reaction templates for pathway discovery.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Computational tools for nonnatural pathway design: Algorithms, applications, and challenges.Biodesign research · 2025Review
- Applications of Ene-Reductases in the Synthesis of Flavors and Fragrances.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2024Review
- Artificial Intelligence Methods and Models for Retro-Biosynthesis: A Scoping Review.ACS synthetic biology · 2024Article
- Computer-aided design and implementation of efficient biosynthetic pathways to produce high added-value products derived from tyrosine inFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background3-Phenylpropanol with a pleasant odor is widely used in foods, beverages and cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient. It also acts as the precursor and reactant in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Currently, petroleum-based manufacturing processes of 3-phenypropanol is environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable. In this study, we aim to engineer Escherichia coli as microbial cell factory for de novo production of 3-phenypropanol via retrobiosynthesis approach.
resultsAided by in silico retrobiosynthesis analysis, we designed a novel 3-phenylpropanol biosynthetic pathway extending from L-phenylalanine and comprising the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), enoate reductase (ER), aryl carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) and phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase). We screened the enzymes from plants and microorganisms and reconstructed the artificial pathway for conversion of 3-phenylpropanol from L-phenylalanine. Then we conducted chromosome engineering to increase the supply of precursor L-phenylalanine and combined the upstream L-phenylalanine pathway and downstream 3-phenylpropanol pathway. Finally, we regulated the metabolic pathway strength and optimized fermentation conditions. As a consequence, metabolically engineered E. coli strain produced 847.97 mg/L of 3-phenypropanol at 24 h using glucose-glycerol mixture as co-carbon source.
conclusionsWe successfully developed an artificial 3-phenylpropanol pathway based on retrobiosynthesis approach, and highest titer of 3-phenylpropanol was achieved in E. coli via systems metabolic engineering strategies including enzyme sources variety, chromosome engineering, metabolic strength balancing and fermentation optimization. This work provides an engineered strain with industrial potential for production of 3-phenylpropanol, and the strategies applied here could be practical for bioengineers to design and reconstruct the microbial cell factory for high valuable chemicals.
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