Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34174546›Full record

ArticleNuclear medicine and biology

BLZ945 derivatives for PET imaging of colony stimulating factor-1 receptors in the brain.

Berend van der Wildt, Zheng Miao, Samantha T Reyes, Jun H Park, Jessica L Klockow, Ning Zhao, Alex Romero, Scarlett G Guo, Bin Shen, Albert D Windhorst and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nuclear medicine and biology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  3. Evaluation of [Molecular imaging and biology · 2025
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  6. Fully automated radiosynthesis of [American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024
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  7. Automated radiosynthesis of [American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024
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  8. Review
  9. Synthesis and Evaluation of aPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
  10. Towards PET imaging of the dynamic phenotypes of microglia.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Berend van der WildtMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Zheng MiaoMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Samantha T ReyesMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jun H ParkMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jessica L KlockowMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Ning ZhaoMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Alex RomeroMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Scarlett G GuoMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Bin ShenMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Albert D WindhorstAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Frederick T ChinMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: chinf@stanford.edu.
Stanford University · USVrije Universiteit Amsterdam · NL

Funding

Translational Oncology Research Program (Project-005)P30CA124435 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Melinda L. Telli · 2007 to 2026
$71.4M
Stanford Molecular Imaging Scholars (SMIS) ProgramT32CA118681 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CRAIG S LEVIN · 2016 to 2026
$4.3M
Small animal PET system for molecular imaging of rodents and primatesS10OD018130 · OD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHIN, FREDERICK T · 2014 to 2014
$600k
A new class of CSF-1R radioligands for monitoring glioblastoma progression and therapyR21CA205564 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHIN, FREDERICK T · 2017 to 2018
$376k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA124435NCI NIH HHS R21 CA205564NIH HHS S10 OD018130
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe kinase colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) has recently been identified as a novel therapeutic target for decreasing tumor associated macrophages and microglia load in cancer treatment. In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a high-grade cancer in the brain with extremely poor prognosis, macrophages and microglia can make up to 50% of the total tumor mass. Currently, no non-invasive methods are available for measuring CSF-1R expression in vivo. The aim of this work is to develop a PET tracer for imaging of CSF-1R receptor expression in the brain for future GBM patient selection and treatment monitoring.

methodsBLZ945 and a derivative that potentially allows for fluorine-18 labeling were synthesized and evaluated in vitro to determine their affinity towards CSF-1R. BLZ945 was radiolabeled with carbon-11 by N-methylation of des-methyl-BLZ945 using [

resultsBLZ945 was the most potent compound in our series with an IC

conclusions[

Indexed as

BrainPositron-Emission TomographyAnimalsCarbon RadioisotopesHumansMaleMiceRadiochemistryReceptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorTissue DistributionCarbon RadioisotopesReceptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorBLZ945Colony stimulating Factor-1 receptorCompanion diagnosticGlioblastomaPositron emission tomographyTumor associated macrophages

Identifiers

PMID34174546
PMCPMC13268101
OpenAlexW3176349642

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.