ArticlePediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2021
Virological and immunological features of SARS-COV-2 infected children with distinct symptomatology.
Article in Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenetic signatures distinguish children with Long COVID from controls.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Longitudinal analysis of humoral and cellular immunity in SARS-CoV-2 exposed families.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Understanding COVID-19 in children: immune determinants and post-infection conditions.Pediatric research · 2023Review
- The Role of Immunity in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and in the Protection Generated by COVID-19 Vaccines in Different Age Groups.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- An improved Fuzzy based GWO algorithm for predicting the potential host receptor of COVID-19 infection.Computers in biology and medicine · 2022Article
- Association of cellular immunity with severity of COVID-19 from the perspective of antigen-specific memory T cell responses and cross-reactivity.Inflammation and regeneration · 2022Review
- Clinical features and characteristics of pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: Experiences in a Tertiary Taiwan Hospital.Medicine · 2022Article
- Perinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults Demonstrate Distinct BNT162b2 Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Immunogenicity.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory with common TCRαβ motifs is established in unvaccinated children who seroconvert after infection.Immunity · 2022Article
- COVID-19 in children: From afterthought to unknown.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Post-COVID Condition in Adults and Children Living in the Same Household in Italy: A Prospective Cohort Study Using the ISARIC Global Follow-Up Protocol.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Virological and immunological features of SARS-COV-2 infected children with distinct symptomatology.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2021Article
- Asymptomatic and Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections Elicit Lower Immune Activation and Higher Specific Neutralizing Antibodies in Children Than in Adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2020-2021: Learning about clinical presentation, patterns of spread, viral load, diagnosis and treatment.Journal of global healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough SARS-CoV-2 immunizations have started in most countries, children are not currently included in the vaccination programs; thus, it remains crucial to define their anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response in order to minimize the risk for other epidemic waves. This study sought to provide a description of the virology ad anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in children with distinct symptomatology.
methodsBetween March and July 2020, we recruited 15 SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic (AS) and 51 symptomatic (SY) children, stratified according to WHO clinical classification. We measured SARS-CoV-2 viral load using ddPCR and qPCR in longitudinally collected nasopharyngeal swab samples. To define anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, we measured neutralization activity and total IgG load (DiaSorin). We also evaluated antigen-specific B and CD8+T cells, using a labeled S1+S2 protein and ICAM expression, respectively. Plasma protein profiling was performed with Olink.
resultsVirological profiling showed that AS patients had lower viral load at diagnosis (p = .004) and faster virus clearance (p = .0002) compared with SY patients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular response did not appear to be associated with the presence of symptoms. AS and SY patients showed similar titers of SARS-CoV-2 IgG, levels of neutralizing activity, and frequency of Ag-specific B and CD8+ T cells, whereas pro-inflammatory plasma protein profile was found to be associated with symptomatology.
conclusionWe demonstrated the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular response with any regard to symptomatology, suggesting the ability of both SY and AS patients to contribute toward herd immunity. The virological profiling of AS patients suggested that they have lower virus load associated with faster virus clearance.
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