ArticleTransfusion2021
An assessment of hepatitis B virus prevalence in South African young blood donors born after the implementation of the infant hepatitis B virus immunization program: Implications for transfusion safety.
Article in Transfusion, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improved Safety of Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology Combined With Serological Tests for Screening Blood Donors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Pooled it
- Estimates of the global prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in population under 18 years old: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hepatology international · 2025Pooled it
- Blood donor hepatitis B data: An under-recognized surveillance resource in Canada.Canadian liver journal · 2026Article
- Review
- Analytical and clinical performance evaluation of the Wantai chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay on the Wan200 + analyzer for diagnosing HIV.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Influenza and COVID-19 vaccination in Canadian blood donors: A comparison across pre- and post-pandemic periods.Vox sanguinis · 2025Article
- Article
- The Issue of Screening for Transfusion-Transmitted Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa Presents Several Challenges: A Review.Advances in hematology · 2025Review
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Canadian blood donors: Insight into donor representativeness of the general population.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- A case-control study of risk factors for incident hepatitis B virus infection in South African blood donors.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Hepatitis B in Canadian First-Time Blood Donors: Association with Social Determinants of Health.Viruses · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Trends of Transfusion-Transmissible HBV Infection Among Blood Donors in Southwestern China: A Six-Year Retrospective Study.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Serological and Molecular Characterization of Occult HBV Infection in Blood Donors from South Italy.Viruses · 2023Article
- Prevalence, Risk Factors and Vaccine Response against Hepatitis B in People Aged 50 Years or Older.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Hepatitis B Blood Donor Screening Data: An Under-Recognized Resource for Canadian Public Health Surveillance.Viruses · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2022
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen is estimated to be 6.7% in the South African population and in April 1995 the nation introduced universal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination for newborns and infants. We studied the temporal association of this program with HBV prevalence in young blood donors and the contemporary HBV incidence and residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection (TT-HBV).
methodsWe used blood donation data from January 2011 to December 2019. Estimation of HBV prevalence donations made by first-time blood donors were analyzed by birth cohort and covariates. To estimate the incidence and residual risk of TT-HBV, mathematical models used data from both first time and repeat donors.
resultsHBV prevalence in first-time donors decreased from 0.84% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-0.90) in 2011 to 0.66% (95% CI 0.61-0.70) in 2019. The post-1995 birth cohort had a significantly lower HBV prevalence of 0.14% (95% CI 0.13-0.15) than the pre-1985 birth cohort of 1.29% (95% CI 1.25-1.33) and the odds of HBV infection were reduced in a multivariable model (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28, 95% CI 0.24-0.34). The residual risk of TT-HBV occurring from window-period, occult, and possible vaccine breakthrough infections were estimated at 36.9, 5.8, and 2.2 per million red blood cell transfusions, respectively.
conclusionDonors born after the start of routine HBV immunization had significantly lower prevalence of HBV infection, supporting the effectiveness of the vaccination program. The contemporary residual risk of TT-HBV has decreased and should decline further as more vaccinated young people join the donor pool.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.