Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34173594›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2020

An assessment of self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms of 227,898 users of a social networking service in Japan: Has the regional risk changed after the declaration of the state of emergency?

Shuhei Nomura, Daisuke Yoneoka, Shoi Shi, Yuta Tanoue, Takayuki Kawashima, Akifumi Eguchi, Kentaro Matsuura, Koji Makiyama, Keisuke Ejima, Toshibumi Taniguchi and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
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  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Designing Digital COVID-19 Screening: Insights and Deliberations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Covidseeker: A Geospatial Temporal Surveillance Tool.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
  14. Project and Prototype of Mobile Application for Monitoring the Global COVID-19 Epidemiological Situation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
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  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Shuhei NomuraDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Daisuke YoneokaDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Shoi ShiDepartment of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuta TanoueInstitute for Business and Finance, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Takayuki KawashimaDepartment of Mathematical and Computing Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
Akifumi EguchiCenter for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Kentaro MatsuuraDepartment of Management Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Koji MakiyamaHOXO-M Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Keisuke EjimaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, USA.
Toshibumi TaniguchiDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Haruka SakamotoDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Hiroyuki KunishimaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Stuart GilmourGraduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroshi NishiuraGraduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hiroaki MiyataDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn the absence of widespread testing, symptomatic monitoring efforts may allow for understanding the epidemiological situation of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan. We obtained data from a social networking service (SNS) messaging application that monitors self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms in real time in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. We aimed at not only understanding the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the prefecture, but also highlighting the usefulness of symptomatic monitoring approaches that rely on self-reporting using SNS during a pandemic, and informing the assessment of Japan's emergency declaration over COVID-19.

methodsWe analysed symptoms data (fever over 37.5° and a strong feeling of weariness or shortness of breath), reported voluntarily via SNS chatbot by 227,898 residents of Fukuoka Prefecture during March 27 to May 3, 2020, including April 7, when a state of emergency was declared. We estimated the spatial correlation coefficient between the number of the self-reported cases of COVID-19 related symptoms and the number of PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases in the period (obtained from the prefecture website); and estimated the empirical Bayes age- and sex-standardised incidence ratio (EBSIR) of the symptoms in the period, compared before and after the declaration. The number of symptom cases was weighted by age and sex to reflect the regional population distribution according to the 2015 national census.

findingsOf the participants, 3.47% reported symptoms. There was a strong spatial correlation of 0.847 (p < 0.001) at municipality level between the weighted number of self-reported symptoms and the number of COVID-19 cases for both symptoms. The EBSIR at post-code level was not likely to change remarkably before and after the declaration of the emergency, but the gap in EBSIR between high-risk and low-risk areas appeared to have increased after the declaration.

interpretationWhile caution is necessary as the data was limited to SNS users, the self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms considered in the study had high epidemiological evaluation ability. In addition, though based on visual assessment, after the declaration of the emergency, regional containment of the infection risk might have strengthened to some extent. SNS, which can provide a high level of real-time, voluntary symptom data collection, can be used to assess the epidemiology of a pandemic, as well as to assist in policy assessments such as emergency declarations.

fundingThe present work was supported in part by a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (H29-Gantaisaku-ippan-009).

Indexed as

COVID-19JapanSocial networking serviceState of emergency declaration

Identifiers

PMID34173594
PMCPMC7453215

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.